AI Article Synopsis
- Myeloablative T cell depleted hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) leads to lower rates of acute and chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD) and can allow patients to respond to vaccinations post-transplant.
- A study of 251 patients showed that 30.7% were vaccinated, with varying success rates in generating protective antibodies for diseases like hepatitis and pneumococcus.
- Increased counts of specific T and B cell subsets may help predict which patients will have a better response to vaccinations after CD34-selected HCT, despite no significant differences noted for those who received rituximab treatment.
Article Abstract
Myeloablative T cell depleted (CD34-selected) hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is associated with less acute and chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD). We aimed to examine vaccine responses in relation to immune reconstitution and post HCT rituximab administration in this population. This single center retrospective study included 251 patients with hematological malignancies who received a first CD34-selected HCT between 2012 and 2015. Of 251 patients, 190 were alive 1 year after HCT. Among the entire population, 77 (30.7%) patients were vaccinated. After vaccine administration, 35/44 (80%), 30/75 (40%), 27/36 (75%), 33/65 (51%), 34/51 (51%), 22/28 (79%) and 20/34 (59%) of evaluable patients had protective antibody titers for haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib), Pneumococcus, Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis, hepatitis A (HAV), and hepatitis B (HBV) respectively. Responders to the pneumococcal vaccine had a higher CD45RA T cell count than non responders, with 12/18 patients (66.7%) vs 11/32 (34.4%) p = 0.04. For pneumococcal vaccine, there was also a trend to higher total lymphocyte B cell count in responders vs non responders p = 0.06. Rituximab post HCT was given to 59/251 (23.5%) patients. No difference was found in immune reconstitution patterns for rituximab use between vaccine responders and not. Recipients of CD34-selected HCT may respond to vaccination, and T and B cell subsets could be useful to predict vaccine response.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41409-024-02232-3 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Circulating monocytes upregulate CD52 and sustain innate immune function in cirrhosis unless acute decompensation emerges.
J Hepatol
January 2025
Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland; University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address:
Background & Aims: Infectious complications determine the prognosis of cirrhosis patients. Their infection susceptibility relates to the development of immuneparesis, a complex interplay of different immunosuppressive cells and soluble factors. Mechanisms underlying the dynamics of immuneparesis of innate immunity remain inconclusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDisseminated TB With IRIS Presenting as a Pancreatic Mass in Newly Diagnosed HIV: A Case Report.
Open Forum Infect Dis
January 2025
Division of Infectious Disease, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.
Pancreatic tuberculosis (TB) is an uncommon extrapulmonary presentation of TB. Identification of coinfection with HIV may unmask not only disseminated TB but also immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). We present the case of a 70-year-old Indian woman newly diagnosed with AIDS and pancreatic tuberculosis with miliary disseminated disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmune deficits after CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy can be long-lasting, predisposing patients to infections and non-relapse mortality. In B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), the prognostic impact of immune reconstitution (IR) remains ill-defined, and detailed cross-product comparisons have not been performed to date. In this retrospective observational study, we longitudinally characterized lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulin levels in 105 B-NHL patients to assess patterns of immune recovery arising after CD19 CAR-T.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResolution of hypogammaglobulinemia-associated recurrent bacteraemia after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT).
J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob
February 2025
Department of Clinical Immunology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Primary or secondary hypogammaglobulinemia is associated with persistent norovirus and infections despite immunoglobulin replacement therapy. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for hematologic indications can lead to immune reconstitution by correcting a previously undiagnosed concurrent primary immunodeficiency.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMechanisms of HIV-immunologic non-responses and research trends based on gut microbiota.
Front Immunol
January 2025
Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical School of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
With the increasing number of people with HIV (PWH) and the use of antiretroviral treatment (ART) for PWH, HIV has gradually become a chronic infectious disease. However, some infected individuals develop issues with immunologic non-responses (INRs) after receiving ART, which can lead to secondary infections and seriously affect the life expectancy and quality of life of PWH. Disruption of the gut microbiota is an important factor in immune activation and inflammation in HIV/AIDS, thus stabilizing the gut microbiota to reduce immune activation and inflammation and promoting immune reconstitution may become a direction for the treatment of HIV/AIDS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!