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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2023.12.014 | DOI Listing |
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Anillin tunes contractility and regulates barrier function during Rho flare-mediated tight junction remodeling.
bioRxiv
November 2024
Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109; USA.
To preserve barrier function, cell-cell junctions must dynamically remodel during cell shape changes. We have previously described a rapid tight junction repair pathway characterized by local, transient activation of RhoA, termed 'Rho flares,' which repair leaks in tight junctions via promoting local actomyosin-mediated junction remodeling. In this pathway, junction elongation is a mechanical trigger that initiates RhoA activation through an influx of intracellular calcium and recruitment of p115RhoGEF.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMechanosensitive recruitment of Vinculin maintains junction integrity and barrier function at epithelial tricellular junctions.
Curr Biol
October 2024
Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address:
Apical cell-cell junctions, including adherens junctions and tight junctions, adhere epithelial cells to one another and regulate selective permeability at both bicellular junctions and tricellular junctions (TCJs). Although several specialized proteins are known to localize at TCJs, it remains unclear how actomyosin-mediated tension transmission at TCJs contributes to the maintenance of junction integrity and barrier function at these sites. Here, utilizing the embryonic epithelium of gastrula-stage Xenopus laevis embryos, we define a mechanism by which the mechanosensitive protein Vinculin helps anchor the actomyosin network at TCJs, thus maintaining TCJ integrity and barrier function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActomyosin-mediated apical constriction promotes physiological germ cell death in C. elegans.
PLoS Biol
August 2024
Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Germ cell apoptosis in Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites is a physiological process eliminating around 60% of all cells in meiotic prophase to maintain tissue homeostasis. In contrast to programmed cell death in the C. elegans soma, the selection of germ cells undergoing apoptosis is stochastic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActomyosin-mediated inhibition of synaptic vesicle release under CBR activation.
Transl Psychiatry
August 2024
Brain Plasticity Unit, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Paris, France.
Long-term synaptic plasticity is critical for adaptive function of the brain, but presynaptic mechanisms of functional plasticity remain poorly understood. Here, we show that changes in synaptic efficacy induced by activation of the cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CBR), one of the most widespread G-protein coupled receptors in the brain, requires contractility of the neuronal actomyosin cytoskeleton. Specifically, using a synaptophysin-pHluorin probe (sypH2), we show that inhibitors of non-muscle myosin II (NMII) ATPase as well as one of its upstream effectors Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) prevent the reduction of synaptic vesicle release induced by CBR activation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNonlinear Elastic Bottlebrush Polymer Hydrogels Modulate Actomyosin Mediated Protrusion Formation in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.
Adv Mater
July 2024
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80308, USA.
The nonlinear elasticity of many tissue-specific extracellular matrices is difficult to recapitulate without the use of fibrous architectures, which couple strain-stiffening with stress relaxation. Herein, bottlebrush polymers are synthesized and crosslinked to form poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels and used to study how strain-stiffening behavior affects human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). By tailoring the bottlebrush polymer length, the critical stress associated with the onset of network stiffening is systematically varied, and a unique protrusion-rich hMSC morphology emerges only at critical stresses within a biologically accessible stress regime.
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