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Potential exhaled breath biomarkers identified in chlorine-exposed mice. | LitMetric

Potential exhaled breath biomarkers identified in chlorine-exposed mice.

J Anal Toxicol

CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, Cementv. 20, Umeå, 901 82, Sweden.

Published: March 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • - Exhaled breath (EB) contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can reveal biological changes in the body; this study aimed to identify EB biomarkers specific to chlorine exposure and acute lung injury (ALI) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
  • - Researchers developed a method to non-invasively sample EB from awake mice before and after exposure to chlorine, analyzing the samples for changes in VOC levels linked to airway inflammation and injury.
  • - Results showed specific increases in certain chlorinated compounds in the EB of chlorine-exposed mice, along with evidence of neutrophilic inflammation and body weight loss, suggesting EB analysis can effectively diagnose chlorine-induced ALI without invasive procedures.

Article Abstract

Exhaled breath (EB) contains various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can indicate specific biological or pathological processes in the body. Analytical techniques like gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) can be used to detect and measure these exhaled biomarkers. In this study, the objective was to develop a non-invasive method of EB sampling in animals that were awake, as well as to analyze EB for volatile biomarkers specific for chlorine exposure and/or diagnostic biomarkers for chlorine-induced acute lung injury (ALI). To achieve this, a custom-made sampling device was used to collect EB samples from 19 female Balb/c mice. EB was sampled both pre-exposure (serving as internal control) and 30 min after exposure to chlorine. EB was collected on thermal desorption tubes and subsequently analyzed for VOCs by GC-MS. The following day, the extent of airway injury was assessed in the animals by examining neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. VOC analysis revealed alterations in the EB biomarker pattern post-chlorine exposure, with eight biomarkers displaying increased levels and six exhibiting decreased levels following exposure. Four chlorinated compounds: trichloromethane, chloroacetone, 1,1-dichloroacetone and dichloroacetonitrile, were increased in chlorine-exposed mice, suggesting their specificity as chlorine EB biomarkers. Furthermore, chlorine-exposed mice displayed a neutrophilic inflammatory response and body weight loss 24 h following exposure. In conclusion, all animals developed an airway inflammation characterized by neutrophil infiltration and a specific EB pattern that could be extracted after chlorine exposure. Monitoring EB samples can readily and non-invasively provide valuable information on biomarkers for diagnosis of chlorine-induced ALI, confirming chlorine exposures.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkae007DOI Listing

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