Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3122
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Objectives: The risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) following multiple exposures to anesthesia has been debated. Our objective was to systematically review the literature to examine the association between multiple exposures to general anesthesia before age 5 and subsequent diagnosis of ADHD.
Methods: A systematic search of EMBASE, PubMed, and SCOPUS was performed using key search terms in February 2022. We included studies that: were published after 1980, included only otherwise healthy children who experienced two or more exposures to general anesthetic before age 5, diagnosed ADHD by a medical professional before age 19 years after exposure to general anesthetic, were cross-sectional, case-control, or cohort study, and were published in English. The results (expressed as hazard ratios [HR] and associated 95% confidence intervals [CI]) were pooled using meta-analytic techniques. Studies which did not present their results as HR and 95% CI were analyzed separately. GRADE was used to determine the certainty of the findings. PRISMA guidelines were followed at each stage of the review.
Results: Eight studies (196,749 children) were included. Five reported HR and 95% CI and were subsequently pooled for meta-analysis. Multiple exposures to anesthesia were associated with diagnosis of ADHD before the 19th year of life (HR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.59, 1.84). Two of the three studies not used in the meta-analysis also found an increased risk of ADHD diagnosis following multiple anesthetic exposures.
Conclusions: There was an association between multiple early exposures to general anesthesia and later diagnosis of ADHD.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10848114 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxad074 | DOI Listing |
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