Secretory structures in terrestrial plants serve as reservoirs for a variety of secondary metabolites. Among these, the secretory cavity of the Rutaceae family is notable for containing essential oils with a wide range of applications. However, the molecular basis underlying secretory cavity development is unknown. Here, we reveal a molecular framework for oil gland formation. Using genetic mapping and genome editing, we demonstrated that this process requires LATE MERISTEM IDENTITY1 (LMI1), a key regulator of leaf serration. A conserved GCC box element of the promoter recruits DORNROSCHEN-like (DRNL) for transcriptional activation. This cascade triggers activation, facilitating the development of oil glands and the biosynthesis of essential oils. Our findings spotlight -regulatory divergence within leaf shape genes, propelling novel functional tissue formation.
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