Lead Optimization of the 5-Phenylpyrazolopyrimidinone NPD-2975 toward Compounds with Improved Antitrypanosomal Efficacy.

Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) still faces few therapeutic options and emerging drug resistance, stressing an urgency for novel antitrypanosomal drug discovery. Here, we describe lead optimization efforts aiming at improving antitrypanosomal efficacy and better physicochemical properties based on our previously reported optimized hit NPD-2975 (pIC 7.2). Systematic modification of the 5-phenylpyrazolopyrimidinone NPD-2975 led to the discovery of a R-substituted analogue (NPD-3519), showing higher potency (pIC 7.8) against and significantly better metabolic stability. Further, pharmacokinetic evaluation of and experiments in an acute mouse model confirmed improved oral bioavailability and antitrypanosomal efficacy at 50 mg/kg with no apparent toxicity. With good physicochemical properties, low toxicity, improved pharmacokinetic features, and efficacy, may serve as a promising candidate for future drug development for HAT.