Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
Published: February 2024
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
In interacting dynamical systems, specific local interaction rules for system components give rise to diverse and complex global dynamics. Long dynamical cycles are a key feature of many natural interacting systems, especially in biology. Examples of dynamical cycles range from circadian rhythms regulating sleep to cell cycles regulating reproductive behavior. Despite the crucial role of cycles in nature, the properties of network structure that give rise to cycles still need to be better understood. Here, we use a Boolean interaction network model to study the relationships between network structure and cyclic dynamics. We identify particular structural motifs that support cycles, and other motifs that suppress them. More generally, we show that the presence of in the interaction network enhances cyclic behavior. In simulating an artificial evolutionary process, we find that motifs that break reflection symmetry are discarded. We further show that dynamical reflection symmetries are over-represented in Boolean models of natural biological systems. Altogether, our results demonstrate a link between symmetry and functionality for interacting dynamical systems, and they provide evidence for symmetry's causal role in evolving dynamical functionality.
This paper presents a general model of the cognitive processes involved in each play situation of soccer at the elite level. Theoretically the model draws on general frameworks from cognitive psychology and neuroscience, in particular the affordance competition hypothesis and the reward prediction error theory. The model includes three functional stages: situational assessment, action selection and execution, and outcome assessment.
Material stocks of infrastructure, buildings, and machinery are the biophysical basis of production and consumption. They are a crucial lever for resource efficiency and a sustainable circular economy. While material stock research has proliferated over the last years, most studies investigated specific materials or end-uses, usually not embedded into an economy-wide perspective.
Management of building materials' stocks and flows is a major opportunity for circularity and de-carbonization. We examine the relationship between material consumption and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions under different scenarios in Israel, a developed country with an already high population density that expects tremendous growth in its housing stock by 2050. We created scenarios of varying housing unit sizes and additional material efficiency practices: fabrication yield, lifetime extension, material substitution, recycling, and their combination, resulting in 18 scenarios.
Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) influenced by multiple factors. Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid derived from the root and bark of Franch., has shown promise in managing UC, but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
DNA methylation repatterning is an epigenomic component of plant stress response, but the extent that methylome data can elucidate changes in plant growth following stress onset is not known. We applied high-resolution DNA methylation analysis to decode plant responses to short- and long-term high light stress and, integrating with gene expression data, attempted to predict components of plant growth response. We identified 105 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) following 1 h of high light treatment and 193 DMGs following 1 week of intermittent high light treatment.
