Effect of GA and calcium on growth, biochemical, and fatty acid composition of linseed under chloride-dominated salinity.

The accumulation of salts in soil is an environmental threat affecting plant growth and crop yield. Linseed or flax is an ancient crop that has multifarious utilities in terms of industrial oil, textile fiber, and products. Salt susceptibility adversely affects linseed production, particularly to meet the growing demand for nutritional and nutraceutical products. In the present study, the ameliorative potential of gibberellic acid (GA) and calcium (Ca) in mitigating the adverse effects of chloride-dominated salinity stress on the growth and physiological and biochemical processes in linseed was determined. Severe salinity treatment (10 dSm) resulted in stunted growth of tested linseed genotypes causing a significant reduction in biomass while proline content, phenol, HO, lipid peroxidation, and DPPH activity were increased in comparison to control. The exogenous application of 10 M GA and/or 10 mg CaCl kg was found to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity stress. The mitigation was accomplished through the improvement of growth indicators, increased osmoprotectants such as proline and phenol content, stimulating DPPH activity, and reduction of HO content and lipid peroxidation. The comparative evaluation of different saline treatments imposed individually and in combination with GA and Ca revealed that combined GA and Ca application exhibited synergistic effects and was most effective in mitigating the negative impacts of salt stress. The present study unravels the ameliorative role of GA and Ca (individual or combined) in the physiologic-biochemical adaptive response of linseed plants grown under chloride-dominated salinity and thus aids in a better understanding of the underlying tolerance mechanisms of plants to withstand stress in saline environments.