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Vitamin D, acute respiratory infections, and Covid-19: The curse of small-size randomised trials. A critical review with meta-analysis of randomised trials.
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milano, Italy.
Background: Randomised trials conducted from 2006 to 2021 indicated that vitamin D supplementation (VDS) was able to prevent severe COVID-19 and acute respiratory infections (ARI). However, larger randomised trials published in 2022 did not confirm the health benefits of VDS in COVID-19 patients.
Objective: To examine through a systematic review with meta-analysis the characteristics of randomised trials on VDS to COVID-19 patients and admission to intensive care unit (ICU), and of randomised trials on VDS for the prevention of ARI.
Accounting for local incidence when estimating rotavirus vaccine efficacy among countries: a pooled analysis of monovalent rotavirus vaccine trials.
Am J Epidemiol
December 2024
Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Rotavirus vaccine appears to perform sub-optimally in countries with higher rotavirus burden. We hypothesized that differences in the magnitude of rotavirus exposures may bias vaccine efficacy (VE) estimates, so true differences in country-specific rotavirus VE would be exaggerated without accommodating differences in exposure. We estimated VE against any-severity and severe rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) using Poisson regression models fit to pooled individual-level data from Phase II and III monovalent rotavirus vaccine trials conducted between 2000 and 2012.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBaseline-dependent improvement in CF studies, plausibility of bias.
Contemp Clin Trials Commun
December 2024
University of Washington, Departments of Pediatrics and Biostatistics Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Respiratory Biology and Therapeutics, United States of America.
Background: It has been commonly reported that therapeutic treatments in cystic fibrosis (CF) have ceiling effects, such that their efficacy is diminished for persons with high pre-treatment health (Montgomery et al., 2012 and Newsome et al., 2019).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHerbal placebo response in clinical trials on irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Front Pharmacol
November 2024
Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Aim Of The Study: To systematically evaluate the herbal placebo response in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of herbal medicine on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
Materials And Methods: We searched for RCTs with herbal placebo groups for IBS in PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the Wan Fang database and Sinomed database from 31 January 1994 to November 2023, and the quality of the literature was evaluated by the Cochrane risk of bias assessment criteria. The primary outcome indicators were response rate, abdominal pain and stool improvement rate, which were analyzed by single-group rate meta-analysis.
A randomised survey of the quality of antibiotics and other essential medicines in Indonesia, with volume-adjusted estimates of the prevalence of substandard medicines.
PLOS Glob Public Health
December 2024
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila, Lenteng Agung, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia.
The World Health Organization warns that substandard and falsified medicines threaten public health in low- and middle-income countries. However, medicine quality surveys are often small and unrepresentative of the market, and the true scale of the problem remains unknown. We conducted a large field survey of essential medicines in Indonesia, and investigated how weighting survey results by market volume altered estimates of medicine quality.
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