Corvids are highly adaptive birds that respond well to anthropogenic changes in their environment. Trematode communities of corvids were studied mainly in the 1950s through 1970s in regularly flooded parts of the Volga River delta in Russia; more recent studies and data from other regions where the corvids are in less contact with postflooding habitats are limited. Data for were lacking. Using our samples obtained from 1963 to 2023, we performed a large-scale analysis of trematode species composition and community structure in , , , , , and ; all originated from the Czech Republic. We identified corvids as hosts of mutually overlapping component communities of only a few species of trematodes (, , , , ), with the presence of many rare and incidental findings of other trematode species. Only a few species used corvids as their core hosts ( and ). Trematode component communities in first-year birds included , , , and due to an increased share of insects (intermediate hosts of and ) and snails (intermediate hosts of ) in the diet of juveniles. The trematode component communities of corvid species overlapped but were heterogeneous at the level of host individuals, likely reflecting differences in food sources related to the respective host ages and nesting sites.
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Vaccines (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Family, Population, and Preventative Medicine, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection and plays a significant role in cervical, penile, anal, vaginal, vulvar, and oropharyngeal cancers as well as non-cancerous genital warts and genital dysplasia. In the United States, there are approximately 46,000 new HPV-related cancers a year. There is an effective vaccine to prevent over 90% of these cancers and other HPV-related diseases; however, those that are aged 18-26 have the lowest vaccine rates among eligible age groups.
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December 2024
PATH, Seattle, WA 98121, USA.
Background: Microplanning is widely recognized as a critical tool for improving immunization coverage and equity and is considered a core component of routine immunization. However, there is limited evidence on how microplans are developed and implemented and the effectiveness of microplanning. As such, this study sought to review the existing evidence on implementation and institutionalization of microplanning; identify strategies to improve microplanning; and document evidence on new approaches to microplanning, including digitally enhanced and integrated microplanning.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccines (Basel)
December 2024
ICF International, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
Background/objectives: Understanding attitudes and behaviors related to vaccination is critical for enhancing COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and reducing disparities in vaccination coverage. This study examines disparities in vaccine-related attitudes and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States in relation to community-level social vulnerability.
Methods: This study analyzed cross-sectional national surveys conducted repeatedly between July 2020 and August 2021 ( = 6716).
Pharmaceutics
December 2024
Dipartimento di Farmacia, Salute e Scienze della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy.
Hypertension affects 32% of adults worldwide, leading to a significant global consumption of cardiovascular medications. Atenolol, a β-adrenergic receptor blocker, is widely prescribed for cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction. According to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), atenolol belongs to Class III, characterized by high solubility but low permeability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicroorganisms
November 2024
State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Maize ( L.) is an important cereal crop species for food, feedstock and industrial material. Maize seeds host a suitable ecosystem for endophytic bacteria, facilitating seed germination and seedling growth.
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