Chromoblastomycosis (CBM), a chronic, granulomatous, suppurative mycosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, is caused by several dematiaceous fungi. The formation of granulomas, tissue proliferation, and fibrosis in response to these pathogenic fungi is believed to be intricately linked to host immunity. To understand this complex interaction, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of immune cell infiltrates, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation, and the fibrosis mechanism in 20 CBM lesion biopsies using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining methods. The results revealed a significant infiltration of mixed inflammatory cells in CBM granulomas, prominently featuring a substantial presence of Th2 cells and M2 macrophages. These cells appeared to contribute to the production of collagen I and III in the late fibrosis mechanism, as well as NETs formation. The abundance of Th2 cytokines may act as a factor promoting the bias of macrophage differentiation toward M2, which hinders efficient fungal clearance while accelerates the proliferation of fibrous tissue. Furthermore, the expression of IL-17 was noted to recruit neutrophils, facilitating subsequent NETs formation within CBM granulomas to impede the spread of sclerotic cells. Understanding of these immune mechanisms holds promise for identifying therapeutic targets for managing chronic granulomatous CBM.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myae008 | DOI Listing |
J Am Dent Assoc
December 2024
Background: The authors reviewed a case involving the orofacial manifestations of Crohn disease (CD) in an adolescent whose treatment was ultimately managed with a newer class of biologic drug agent, ustekinumab (Stelara, Janssen Biotech). CD is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract that often causes extraintestinal complications. The underlying etiology of CD involves genetic, environmental, and local factors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIr J Med Sci
December 2024
Rheumatology Department, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara, Turkey.
Background: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a benign and rare chronic inflammatory disease of the breast. Although there are various treatment modalities, an ideal treatment algorithm has not been defined.
Aims: We designed this study to evaluate the clinical status, duration of remission, remission rates, and treatment algorithm in patients with IGM during a 5-year follow-up period after immunosuppressive therapy.
Cureus
November 2024
Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, USA.
Chromoblastomycosis is an uncommon, chronic granulomatous fungal infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Chromoblastomycosis is most commonly caused by the traumatic inoculation of dematiaceous (pigmented) fungi, most commonly species, species, and species. Chromoblastomycosis usually affects agricultural workers in tropical and subtropical climates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPathol Int
December 2024
Department of Surgical Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Tenosynovitis with psammomatous calcification (TPC) is an extremely rare condition. It was first described as a characteristic subtype of idiopathic calcifying tenosynovitis, with only 40 cases reported to date. Here, we present a case of TPC affecting a female patient in her late teens, with no relevant medical history.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Surg Case Rep
December 2024
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam 32253, Saudi Arabia.
Chronic granulomatous invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (CGIFRS) is a type of invasive fungal rhinosinusitis that is characterized by the presence of pathologic findings of non-caseating granulomas in the paranasal sinuses. This article describes two cases of CGIFRS with fatal outcomes. The first case was for a 36-year-old man who presented with headache, dizziness, and vomiting for 1 month.
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