Spore germination: Two ion channels are better than one.

Germination is the process by which spores emerge from dormancy. Although spores can remain dormant for decades, the study of germination is an active field of research. In this issue of , Gao and colleagues (pp. 31-45) address a perplexing question: How can a dormant spore initiate germination in response to environmental cues? Three distinct complexes are involved: GerA, a germinant-gated ion channel; 5AF/FigP, a second ion channel required for amplification; and SpoVA, a channel for dipicolinic acid (DPA). DPA release is followed by rehydration of the spore core, thus allowing the resumption of metabolic activity.