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Natural History of Germline BRCA1 Mutated and BRCA Wild-type Triple-negative Breast Cancer. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • - The study analyzes tumor samples from three patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) over time, focusing on mutations and tumor evolution, particularly in those with BRCA1 mutations.
  • - Findings reveal that all tumors have a common "stem" clone at diagnosis, with subclones branching out, showing different mutations over time; however, some mutations remain stable, particularly in genes like TP53.
  • - Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) reflects many of the same mutations found in tissue samples, indicating that it can serve as a reliable source for monitoring tumor evolution throughout disease progression.

Article Abstract

Unlabelled: We report a deep next-generation sequencing analysis of 13 sequentially obtained tumor samples, eight sequentially obtained circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) samples and three germline DNA samples over the life history of 3 patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), 2 of whom had germline pathogenic BRCA1 mutation, to unravel tumor evolution. Tumor tissue from all timepoints and germline DNA was subjected to whole-exome sequencing (WES), custom amplicon deep sequencing (30,000X) of a WES-derived somatic mutation panel, and SNP arrays for copy-number variation (CNV), while whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed only on somatic tumor.There was enrichment of homologous recombination deficiency signature in all tumors and widespread CNV, which remained largely stable over time. Somatic tumor mutation numbers varied between patients and within each patient (range: 70-216, one outlier). There was minimal mutational overlap between patients with TP53 being the sole commonly mutated gene, but there was substantial overlap in sequential samples in each patient. Each patient's tumor contained a founding ("stem") clone at diagnosis, which persisted over time, from which all other clones ("subclone") were derived ("branching evolution"), which contained mutations in well-characterized cancer-related genes like PDGFRB, ARID2, TP53 (Patient_02), TP53, BRAF, BRIP1, CSF3R (Patient_04), and TP53, APC, EZH2 (Patient_07). Including stem and subclones, tumors from all patients were polyclonal at diagnosis and during disease progression. ctDNA recapitulated most tissue-derived stem clonal and subclonal mutations while detecting some additional subclonal mutations. RNA-seq revealed a stable basal-like pattern, with most highly expressed variants belonging to stem clone.

Significance: In germline BRCA1 mutated and BRCA wild-type patients, TNBC shows a branching evolutionary pattern of mutations with a single founding clone, are polyclonal throughout their disease course, and have widespread copy-number aberrations. This evolutionary pattern may be associated with treatment resistance or sensitivity and could be therapeutically exploited.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10865976PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2767-9764.CRC-23-0277DOI Listing

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