Bowel preparation protocol for hospitalized patients ages 50 years or older: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: The incidence and mortality rate of colorectal cancer progressively increase with age and become particularly prominent after the age of 50 years. Therefore, the population that is ≥ 50 years in age requires long-term and regular colonoscopies. Uncomfortable bowel preparation is the main reason preventing patients from undergoing regular colonoscopies. The standard bowel preparation regimen of 4-L polyethylene glycol (PEG) is effective but poorly tolerated.

Aim: To investigate an effective and comfortable bowel preparation regimen for hospitalized patients ≥ 50 years in age.

Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to group 1 (2-L PEG + 30-mL lactulose + a low-residue diet) or group 2 (4-L PEG). Adequate bowel preparation was defined as a Boston bowel preparation scale (BBPS) score of ≥ 6, with a score of ≥ 2 for each segment. Non-inferiority was prespecified with a margin of 10%. Additionally, the degree of comfort was assessed based on the comfort questionnaire.

Results: The proportion of patients with a BBPS score of ≥ 6 in group 1 was not significantly different from that in group 2, as demonstrated by intention-to-treat (91.2% 91.0%, 0.953) and per-protocol (91.8% 91.0%, 0.802) analyses. Furthermore, in patients ≥ 75 years in age, the proportion of BBPS scores of ≥ 6 in group 1 was not significantly different from that in group 2 (90.9% 97.0%, 0.716). Group 1 had higher comfort scores (8.85 ± 1.162 7.59 ± 1.735, 0.001), longer sleep duration (6.86 ± 1.204 h 5.80 ± 1.730 h, 0.001), and fewer awakenings (1.42 ± 1.183 2.04 ± 1.835, 0.026) than group 2.

Conclusion: For hospitalized patients ≥ 50 years in age, the bowel preparation regimen comprising 2-L PEG + 30-mL lactulose + a low-residue diet produced a cleanse that was as effective as the 4-L PEG regimen and even provided better comfort.