Subcellular distribution of prohibitin 1 in rat liver during liver regeneration and its cellular implication.

Background: The function of prohibitin 1 (Phb1) during liver regeneration (LR) remains relatively unexplored. Our previous research identified downregulation of Phb1 in rat liver mitochondria 24 h after 70% partial hepatectomy (PHx), as determined by subcellular proteomic analysis.

Aim: To investigate the potential role of Phb1 during LR.

Methods: We examined changes in Phb1 mRNA and protein levels, subcellular distribution, and abundance in rat liver during LR following 70% PHx. We also evaluated mitochondrial changes and apoptosis using electron microscopy and flow cytometry. RNA-interference-mediated knockdown of Phb1 (PHBi) was performed in BRL-3A cells.

Results: Compared with sham-operation control groups, Phb1 mRNA and protein levels in 70% PHx test groups were downregulated at 24 h, then upregulated at 72 and 168 h. Phb1 was mainly located in mitochondria, showed a reduced abundance at 24 h, significantly increased at 72 h, and almost recovered to normal at 168 h. Phb1 was also present in nuclei, with continuous increase in abundance observed 72 and 168 h after 70% PHx. The altered ultrastructure and reduced mass of mitochondria during LR had almost completely recovered to normal at 168 h. PHBi in BRL-3A cells resulted in increased S-phase entry, a higher number of apoptotic cells, and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential.

Conclusion: Phb1 may contribute to maintaining mitochondrial stability and could play a role in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis of rat liver cells during LR.