Corticosteroids are commonly used in the treatment of inflammatory low back pain, and their nominal target is the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to relieve inflammation. They can also have similar potency at the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). The MR has been shown to be widespread in rodent and human dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and non-neuronal cells, and when MR antagonists are administered during a variety of inflammatory pain models in rats, pain measures are reduced. In this study we selectively knockout (KO) the MR in sensory neurons to determine the role of MR in sensory neurons of the mouse DRG in pain measures as MR antagonism during the local inflammation of the DRG (LID) pain model. We found that MR antagonism using eplerenone reduced evoked mechanical hypersensitivity during LID, but MR KO in paw-innervating sensory neurons only did not. This could be a result of differences between prolonged (MR KO) versus acute (drug) MR block or an indicator that non-neuronal cells in the DRG are driving the effect of MR antagonists. MR KO unmyelinated C neurons are more excitable under normal and inflamed conditions, while MR KO does not affect excitability of myelinated A cells. MR KO in sensory neurons causes a reduction in overall GR mRNA but is protective against reduction of the anti-inflammatory GRα isoform during LID. These effects of MR KO in sensory neurons expanded our understanding of MR's functional role in different neuronal subtypes (A and C neurons), and its interactions with the GR.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.01.024 | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Failure of central nervous system (CNS) axons to regenerate after injury results in permanent disability. Several molecular neuro-protective and neuro-regenerative strategies have been proposed as potential treatments but do not provide the directional cues needed to direct target-specific axon regeneration. Here, we demonstrate that applying an external guidance cue in the form of electric field stimulation to adult rats after optic nerve crush injury was effective at directing long-distance, target-specific retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon regeneration to native targets in the diencephalon.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Senses
December 2024
Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL.
Although animals can reliably locate and recognize odorants embedded in complex environments, the neural circuits for accomplishing these tasks remain incompletely understood. Adaptation is likely to be important as it could allow neurons in a brain area to adjust to the broader sensory environment. Adaptive processes must be flexible enough to allow the brain to make dynamic adjustments, while maintaining sufficient stability so that organisms do not forget important olfactory associations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Background: The early detection of preclinical dementia is crucial, prompting investigations into retinal biomarkers using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Inconsistent and limited longitudinal studies have been done to clarify the association between the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness and cognitive function over time. This study aims to explore the association between retinal biomarkers and cognitive function over time in non-demented older adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Preclinical investigations in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have highlighted the efficacy of gamma sensory stimulation in mitigating AD-related pathologies. Cognito Therapeutics, Inc. (Cambridge, MA) has designed the Sensory Stimulation System for safe at-home usage, to induce EEG-confirmed gamma oscillations as a potential treatment for AD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElife
January 2025
Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Neuromodulators have major influences on the regulation of neural circuit activity across the nervous system. Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to be a prominent neuromodulator in many circuits and has been extensively studied in the retina. Here, it has been associated with the regulation of light adaptation, gain control, and gap junctional coupling, but its effect on the retinal output, specifically on the different types of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), is still poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!