AI Article Synopsis

  • Corticosteroids relieve inflammatory low back pain primarily by targeting the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), but they also affect the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), which is present in pain-related neurons.
  • In this study, researchers selectively knocked out (KO) the MR in sensory neurons to explore its role in pain responses during a local inflammation model in mice.
  • The results indicated that while MR antagonism reduced pain sensitivity, MR KO in sensory neurons did not produce the same effect, suggesting that MR's role in pain may involve both neuronal and non-neuronal interactions in the dorsal root ganglia.

Article Abstract

Corticosteroids are commonly used in the treatment of inflammatory low back pain, and their nominal target is the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to relieve inflammation. They can also have similar potency at the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). The MR has been shown to be widespread in rodent and human dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and non-neuronal cells, and when MR antagonists are administered during a variety of inflammatory pain models in rats, pain measures are reduced. In this study we selectively knockout (KO) the MR in sensory neurons to determine the role of MR in sensory neurons of the mouse DRG in pain measures as MR antagonism during the local inflammation of the DRG (LID) pain model. We found that MR antagonism using eplerenone reduced evoked mechanical hypersensitivity during LID, but MR KO in paw-innervating sensory neurons only did not. This could be a result of differences between prolonged (MR KO) versus acute (drug) MR block or an indicator that non-neuronal cells in the DRG are driving the effect of MR antagonists. MR KO unmyelinated C neurons are more excitable under normal and inflamed conditions, while MR KO does not affect excitability of myelinated A cells. MR KO in sensory neurons causes a reduction in overall GR mRNA but is protective against reduction of the anti-inflammatory GRα isoform during LID. These effects of MR KO in sensory neurons expanded our understanding of MR's functional role in different neuronal subtypes (A and C neurons), and its interactions with the GR.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.01.024DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

sensory neurons
24
pain measures
12
neurons
9
mineralocorticoid receptor
8
inflammatory pain
8
non-neuronal cells
8
pain
6
sensory
6
receptor antagonism
4
antagonism reduces
4

Similar Publications

Electric field stimulation directs target-specific axon regeneration and partial restoration of vision after optic nerve crush injury.

PLoS One

January 2025

Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.

Failure of central nervous system (CNS) axons to regenerate after injury results in permanent disability. Several molecular neuro-protective and neuro-regenerative strategies have been proposed as potential treatments but do not provide the directional cues needed to direct target-specific axon regeneration. Here, we demonstrate that applying an external guidance cue in the form of electric field stimulation to adult rats after optic nerve crush injury was effective at directing long-distance, target-specific retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon regeneration to native targets in the diencephalon.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Although animals can reliably locate and recognize odorants embedded in complex environments, the neural circuits for accomplishing these tasks remain incompletely understood. Adaptation is likely to be important as it could allow neurons in a brain area to adjust to the broader sensory environment. Adaptive processes must be flexible enough to allow the brain to make dynamic adjustments, while maintaining sufficient stability so that organisms do not forget important olfactory associations.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Biomarkers.

Alzheimers Dement

December 2024

Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Background: The early detection of preclinical dementia is crucial, prompting investigations into retinal biomarkers using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Inconsistent and limited longitudinal studies have been done to clarify the association between the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness and cognitive function over time. This study aims to explore the association between retinal biomarkers and cognitive function over time in non-demented older adults.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Biomarkers.

Alzheimers Dement

December 2024

Cognito Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Background: Preclinical investigations in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have highlighted the efficacy of gamma sensory stimulation in mitigating AD-related pathologies. Cognito Therapeutics, Inc. (Cambridge, MA) has designed the Sensory Stimulation System for safe at-home usage, to induce EEG-confirmed gamma oscillations as a potential treatment for AD.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Neuromodulators have major influences on the regulation of neural circuit activity across the nervous system. Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to be a prominent neuromodulator in many circuits and has been extensively studied in the retina. Here, it has been associated with the regulation of light adaptation, gain control, and gap junctional coupling, but its effect on the retinal output, specifically on the different types of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), is still poorly understood.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!