Why compound bioidentical hormones? Are there no similar commercial products? What is unique about the options compounding pharmacists offer compared with what is out in the marketplace? These are questions that physicians and other practitioners are asking, and it is very important that we have intelligent, well-thought answers when we respond. Times have changed, and the challenges we face today in marketing our compounded therapies are not the same as those of twenty years ago. Premarin is no longer at the top of the heap, and there are topical, commercial products that contain bioidentical estradiol, and capsules that contain the same progesterone that we use. Our compounding advantage comes from our abilities to prepare unique patient-specific products, and, very importantly, from our growing understanding of hormone receptors; we now know there are two main estrogen receptors, 1) estrogen receptor alpha and 2) estrogen receptor beta, and the growing knowledge base associated with the discovery of estrogen receptor beta is quite significant.
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Curr Pain Headache Rep
January 2025
ImmGen EvSys Lab, BT-113 Department of Biotechnology, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar Berhampur, Berhampur, 760007, Odisha, India.
Background: Migraine is a highly prevalent and incapacitating neurological disorder mostly characterised by recurring attacks of moderate to severe throbbing and pulsating pain on one side of the head. The role of estrogen in migraine has been well documented. Although genetic variations in the ESR1 gene have been associated with an increased risk of developing migraine, the findings are inconsistent.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacogenet Genomics
January 2025
Reproductive Medicine, Instituto Bernabeu of Fertility and Gynaecology.
The research question is as follows: Are estrogen and progesterone receptor genotypes associated with thin endometrium? We performed a prospective cohort study of 129 patients who underwent preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies. These patients were categorized according to endometrial thickness: >7 mm control group (n = 94) and ≤7 mm study group (n = 35). Polymorphisms in the genes ESR1 (rs9340799 and rs3138774), ESR2 (rs1256049 and rs4986938), and PGR (rs1042838) were analyzed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biochem Mol Toxicol
February 2025
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
This study aims to investigate the expression of GPER in EC, assess the impact of estrogen on the proliferation and migration of EC via GPER, and examine the potential role of GPER in mediating the NOTCH pathway to influence EC proliferation and migration. The expression of GPER and its correlation with clinicopathological features were investigated using clinical data. Cell proliferation was assessed through MTT and EdU assays, while cell migration ability was evaluated using wound healing and transwell assays.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJpn J Clin Oncol
January 2025
Department of Gynecology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
There are many histologic types of gynecologic malignancies. I reviewed three rare ovarian tumor types that have poor prognoses. Ovarian mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma (MLA) is a newly described histological type known for its aggressive behavior.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Endocrinol Metab
January 2025
Universidade Federal de São Paulo São PauloSP Brasil Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Objective: Nitrate is ubiquitously found in the environment and is one of the main components of nitrogen fertilizers. Previous studies have shown that nitrate disrupts the reproductive system in aquatic animals, but no study has evaluated the impact of nitrate exposure on the uterus in mammals. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of maternal exposure to nitrate during the prenatal period on uterine morphology and gene expression in adult female F1 rats.
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