This review is focused on describing and analyzing means by which serotype strains have been genetically modified with the purpose of developing safe, efficacious vaccines to present -induced disease in poultry and to prevent colonization of poultry to reduce transmission through the food chain in and on eggs and poultry meat. Emphasis is on use of recently developed means to generate defined deletion mutations to eliminate genetic sequences conferring antimicrobial resistance or residual elements that might lead to genetic instability. Problems associated with prior means to develop vaccines are discussed with presentation of various means by which these problems have been lessened, if not eliminated. Practical considerations are also discussed in hope of facilitating means to move lab-proven successful vaccination procedures and vaccine candidates to the marketplace to benefit the poultry industry.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1637/aviandiseases-D-23-99988 | DOI Listing |
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