Urology continues its development in minimally invasive surgery, and the year 2023 is marked by important innovations in the different approaches such as endoscopy, laparoscopy, and open surgery. The following innovations are instruments or medical devices which are still being evaluated. What they have in common is a questioning of our current practices, on the technical side but also for some of them on the ecological vision of our profession with the eternal debate of single use or reusable. Even if the evaluation of new devices is primarily medical and medico-economic, it is actually no longer possible to ignore the ecological aspect and the impact on the environment of the various new products. New technologies also make it possible to think about smart connected prostheses and precision intraoperative imaging that can ultimately guide the surgeon's hand.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.53738/REVMED.2024.20.859.238 | DOI Listing |
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The production of spermatozoa, a process known as spermatogenesis, is primarily controlled by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)-driven testosterone. LH acts on the Leydig cells, stimulating steroid production, predominantly testosterone, and activating critical inter-related spermatogenesis regulatory pathways. Despite evidence that exogenous gonadotropins containing LH activity can effectively restore spermatogenesis in males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, the use of these drugs to treat other forms of male infertility is the subject of an ongoing debate.
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Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Shu-Tien Urological Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Oncologic Minimally Invasive Urology and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Department of Pediatric Urology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy. Electronic address:
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