Characterization of causing foot rot: a severe threat of betel vine cultivation in Bangladesh.

Unlabelled: The development of the foot rot disease caused by the fungus is one of the primary variables endangering betel vine production in Bangladesh. Consequently, with the ultimate objective of finding efficient preventive and control strategies for this infamous phytopathogen, the current study was undertaken for comprehensive population structure analysis, exploration of physiological features and incidence patterns of pathogenic isolates. We discovered 22 isolates from nine northern districts of Bangladesh Mohanpur (51.90%), Bagmara (54.09%), and Durgapur (49.45%) upazilas in the Rajshahi district had the more severe occurrences of foot rot disease, while Chapainawabganj (18.89%) had the least number of cases. The isolates differed substantially in terms of morphology and growth rate. By employing the UPGMA algorithm to analyze the combined morphological data from 22 isolates, these isolates were divided into six different groups with a 62% similarity level. Somatic incompatibility was also found in some isolates. The RAPD-4 primer confirmed 100% polymorphism among these isolates, and these genetic variations were further validated by molecular analysis. The results of the morphological and molecular analysis revealed that there was significant variation among the isolates. Finally, a comprehensive characterization of  would allow for a suitable management strategy for betel vine's deadly foot rot disease.

Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03890-8.