We propose and design a multi-stage cascaded scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) for ultra-wide field (UWF), which uses conicoid mirrors, constructed by conjugation of pupil plane. The vergence uniformity and the angular magnification of a cascaded conicoid mirrors (CCM) system are analyzed recursively and optimized preliminarily to achieve high quality imaging with UWF, and the optimal system with the model eye are obtained by simulation and optimization. Two-stage and three-stage cascaded systems are designed with this method, and the formulas of beam vergence and angular magnification are obtained by theoretical derivation. As compared to the two-stage CCM system, the proposed three-stage cascaded UWF SLO has superior performance in imaging quality. Its average RMS radius of spot diagram is calculated to be 26.372 µm, close to the diffractive limit resolution. The image resolution of human retina can be up to 30 µm with 135° FOV in theory. The three-stage cascaded SLO is more suitable for UWF fundus imaging. This study will be helpful for early screening and accurate diagnosis of various diseases in the peripheral retina.
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We propose and design a multi-stage cascaded scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) for ultra-wide field (UWF), which uses conicoid mirrors, constructed by conjugation of pupil plane. The vergence uniformity and the angular magnification of a cascaded conicoid mirrors (CCM) system are analyzed recursively and optimized preliminarily to achieve high quality imaging with UWF, and the optimal system with the model eye are obtained by simulation and optimization. Two-stage and three-stage cascaded systems are designed with this method, and the formulas of beam vergence and angular magnification are obtained by theoretical derivation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this paper, we propose an off-axis reflective system design method based on a non-rotational symmetric conicoid-based freeform (CBF) surface description. The base description avoids complicated calculation of decenter and tilt when using the conventional conic expression, thus simplify the system modeling and optimization process, and it can reduce the number of coefficients that needed to represent mild freeform surfaces. A design method that includes the automatic initial system searching, preliminary optimization with rotationally symmetric surface deviation and fine-tuning with non-symmetric surface deviation is proposed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReflection and refraction of narrow Gaussian beams with general astigmatism at tilted optical surfaces: a derivation oriented toward lens design.
Appl Opt
February 2007
Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche-Instituto Nazionale di Ottica Applicata, Largo Enrico Fermi 6, Florence, Italy.
The formulas for the reflection and refraction of a narrow Gaussian beam with general astigmatism at a tilted optical surface are derived by ray-tracing techniques. The propagation direction of the reflected and refracted beams is computed by tracing the central ray of the incident beam, and the characteristic parameters of the respective wavefronts are worked out by applying the formulas developed for the generalized ray tracing. Moreover, the Gaussian form of the reflected and refracted amplitude distributions along the transverse coordinates is determined by requiring the matching of the incident, reflected, and refracted light spots on the optical surface.
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