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Identification of a Subpopulation of Astrocyte Progenitor Cells in the Neonatal Subventricular Zone: Evidence that Migration is Regulated by Glutamate Signaling.
Neurochem Res
January 2025
Departments of Pediatrics and Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4318, USA.
In mice engineered to express enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) under the control of the entire glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) gene, eGFP is found in all 'adult' cortical astrocytes. However, when 8.3 kilobases of the human GLT1/EAAT2 promoter is used to control expression of tdTomato (tdT), tdT is only found in a subpopulation of these eGFP-expressing astrocytes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffects of Empagliflozin and Dapagliflozin in alleviating cardiac fibrosis through SIRT6-mediated oxidative stress reduction.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, #467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China.
Sodium-glucose co-transport protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, a novel category of oral hypoglycemic agents, offer a promising outlook for individuals experiencing heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Evidence is emerging that highlights their potential in alleviating myocardial fibrosis and oxidative stress. However, the precise mechanisms through which SGLT2 inhibitors influence myocardial fibrosis induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) or transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) are not fully understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCongenital extraventricular neurocytoma with atypical features in a 3-day-old neonate.
Childs Nerv Syst
December 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
Extraventricular neurocytoma (EVN) is a rare neuronal tumor with a marked tendency towards ganglionic or glial differentiation. Although EVN commonly occurs in young adults, congenital cases are extremely rare, and standardized therapeutic strategies remain undetermined. The presence of atypical features such as increased mitotic activity on histological analysis is correlated with a higher rate of recurrence and poor prognosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrocystin-RR is a biliary toxin selective for neonatal extrahepatic cholangiocytes.
JHEP Rep
January 2025
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Background & Aims: Biliary atresia is a fibrosing cholangiopathy affecting neonates that is thought to result from a prenatal environmental insult to the bile duct. Biliatresone, a plant toxin with an α-methylene ketone group, was previously implicated in biliary atresia in Australian livestock, but is found in a limited location and is unlikely to be a significant human toxin. We hypothesized that other unsaturated carbonyl compounds, some with the potential for significant human exposure, might also be biliary toxins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHydrometrocolpos (HMC) is a rare pediatric condition characterized by significant enlargement of the uterus and vagina due to the accumulation of fluid, generally caused by a blockage in the lower vagina. This disorder typically presents in newborns with the retention of normal genital tract secretions. The following case report highlights the clinical features, diagnostic process, and treatment of HMC in a newborn.
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