Introduction: This study investigates the behavior of graphene and GUM in terms of cyclic fatigue resistance and torsion through a finite element analysis on a file with an eccentric rectangular cross section and variable taper, and on a file with a centered triangular cross section, constant taper, and constant pitch.
Methods: Root canals and endodontic files were created using Catia V5R21 software. For torsional analysis, the tip of the file was fixed at 1 and 3 mm, and a moment of 2.5 N-mm was generated at the handle. For the bending analysis in curved canals (45° and 60°), the handle was kept fixed and a force of 1 N was applied at the tip while the file was kept fixed at 9 mm.
Results: GUM metal instruments showed better torsional resistance. On the other hand, NiTi and graphene performed better under the applied loads during flexion at 45° and 60°.
Conclusion: GUM metal is emerging as a promising material in the field of endodontic instrument design due to its physical properties.
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