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Coley's Toxin to First Approved Therapeutic Vaccine-A Brief Historical Account in the Progression of Immunobiology-Based Cancer Treatment.
Biomedicines
November 2024
Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Cancer immunobiology is one of the hot topics of discussion amongst researchers today, and immunotherapeutic modalities are among the selected few emerging approaches to cancer treatment that have exhibited a promising outlook. However, immunotherapy is not a new kid on the block; it has been around for centuries. The origin of cancer immunotherapy in modern medicine can be traced back to the initial reports of spontaneous regression of malignant tumors in some patients following an acute febrile infection, at the turn of the twentieth century.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDownregulation of MHC-I on Melanoma Cells and Decreased CD8+ T-Cell Infiltration Are Associated With Metastatic Spread and Resistance to Immunotherapy.
Lab Invest
December 2024
Department of Dermatology, Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany. Electronic address:
The success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in melanoma therapy has catalyzed the introduction of ICI in increasingly early stages of the disease. This exposes many patients with a lower risk of relapse to the risk of protracted adverse events, highlighting the need for biomarkers guiding the use of ICI. Already many years ago, brisk infiltration of primary melanomas by lymphocytes has been linked to improved patient outcome, but controversial findings due to a high variability in classification systems have been described CD8+ T cells have been identified as a primary mediator of antitumor immunity in patients treated with ICI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunogenicity and safety following a homologous booster dose of a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccine with Matrix-M adjuvant (NVX-CoV2373) versus a primary series in people living with and without HIV-1 infection in South Africa: A randomized crossover phase 2a/2b trial.
Hum Vaccin Immunother
December 2024
South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
COVID-19 remains a global public health issue and an improved understanding of vaccine performance in immunocompromised individuals, including people living with HIV (PLWH), is needed. Initial data from the present study's pre-crossover/booster phase were previously reported. This phase 2a/b clinical trial in South Africa (2019nCoV-501/NCT04533399) revisits 1:1 randomly assigned HIV-negative adults (18-84 years) and medically stable PLWH (18-64 years) who previously received two NVX-CoV2373 doses (5 μg recombinant Spike protein with 50 μg Matrix-M™ adjuvant) or placebo.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDecoding T cell senescence in cancer: Is revisiting required?
Semin Cancer Biol
November 2024
Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD19SY, UK; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece; Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK. Electronic address:
Senescence is an inherent cellular mechanism triggered as a response to stressful insults. It associates with several aspects of cancer progression and therapy. Senescent cells constitute a highly heterogeneous cellular population and their identification can be very challenging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer immunotherapy in elderly patients: The concept of immune senescence challenged by clinical experience.
Eur J Cancer
January 2025
Department of Hematology, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Center for Cellular Immunotherapies and Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address:
Cancer immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy and bispecific antibodies, has led to major improvements in the treatment of a wide range of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. However, age-mediated immune system modifications, known as immunosenescence, may preclude its efficacy in elderly patients. In this review, we assessed the efficacy of these different cancer immunotherapies in elderly patients compared to young patients to revisit the concept of immunosenescence from a therapeutic perspective.
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