Comparative evaluation of calcium ion release, pH change, and dentinal tubule penetration of four different formulations of calcium hydroxide-based intracanal medicaments - An study.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the release of calcium ion, pH change, and dentinal penetration depth of four different formulations of calcium hydroxide-based intracanal medicaments.

Materials And Methods: Eighty mandibular single-rooted premolar teeth were divided into four groups ( = 20): Group 1 - calcium hydroxide (CH) + distilled water (DW), Group 2 - nanocalcium hydroxide + DW, Group 3 - calcium hydroxide + chitosan, and Group 4 - calcium hydroxide + 2% chlorhexidine gluconate. Biomechanical preparation was done till the F2 rotary ProTaper system and intracanal medicaments were placed. Calcium ions and pH were assessed at 24 h, 7 days, 15 days, and 30 days using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer and pH meter, respectively. The evaluation of tubule penetration was scanned under a field emission scanning electron microscope.

Results: A significant difference was seen in calcium ion release and pH change among the four groups at 24 h, 7 days, 15 days, and 30 days as well as depth of dentinal penetration.

Conclusion: Calcium hydroxide mixed with 2% chlorhexidine gel showed alkaline pH and the highest calcium ion release as well as significant dentinal tubule penetration among all the four groups under observation. Both combinations can enhance antimicrobial effectiveness as intracanal medicaments. Further clinical study should be carried out to optimize its use as an alternative treatment modality.