Protecting mechanism of ethanol extract nanoparticle on streptozotocin induced renal damage in rat.

Background: Hyperglycemia increases reactive oxygen species (ROS), which contributes to diabetic complications such as kidney cell damage. Antioxidant administration could inhibit ROS and kidney cell damage commonly seen in hyperglycemia.

Aim: We want to demonstrate that the antioxidant properties of ethanol extract nanoparticles can prevent kidney cell damage brought on by streptozotocin (STZ) in the current investigation.

Methods: This study employs high-energy ball milling to produce nanoparticles from extract. Additionally, dynamic light scattering (DLS) is utilized to characterize the nanoparticle sizes of the ethanol extract. Five groups, each consisting of 8 rats, were formed from 40 rats. Control rats received distilled water, the diabetic rats were administered STZ injections, while rats were given extract nanoparticles orally and STZ injection. After the trial, blood from a rat was drawn intracardially to check the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were then assessed in kidney tissue samples. Histological alterations were evaluated in kidney section samples.

Results: A DLS analysis estimated the size of the ethanol extract nanoparticles to be about 91.50 ± 23.06 nm. BUN and creatinine levels were significantly raised after STZ treatment. STZ significantly decreased SOD and GPx levels in kidney tissue while raising MDA levels ( < 0.05). ethanol extract nanoparticle caused the decreased levels of BUN and creatinine in blood to normal levels ( < 0.05), indicating that ethanol extract prevented the STZ-induced kidney cell damage. Additionally, nanoparticles significantly raise GPx and SOD levels in kidney tissue while lowering MDA levels ( < 0.05). These actions are thought to have prevented kidney histological alterations (degeneration and necrosis) in diabetic rats.

Conclusion: According to these results, the anti-oxidative stress properties of nanoparticles make them potentially effective nephroprotective therapies for STZ-induced kidney cell damage.