Most patients with thoracic endometriosis present with catamenial pneumothorax, a rare condition in which recurrent episodes occur within 72 h before or after the start of menstruation. We report a case of thoracic endometriosis presenting with recurrent bloody pleural effusions without pneumothorax diagnosed on pleural fluid cytology. We describe the cytomorphology and immunoprofile of thoracic endometriosis and discuss the differential diagnoses, including neoplastic processes. We also highlight the importance of communication with clinicians for timeliness of diagnosis and treatment, especially when thoracic endometriosis is not suspected.
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Article Synopsis
- Endometriosis is characterized by the growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, classified into three types: superficial, ovarian endometrioma, and deep infiltrating disease, and can affect various areas beyond the pelvis.
- Diagnosis typically involves a combination of symptom assessment, physical exams, imaging tests, and ultimately requires tissue confirmation for a definitive diagnosis.
- Treatment options range from medical management focused on symptom relief to surgical interventions, with a preference for excision of lesions and a multidisciplinary approach for more severe cases to enhance long-term outcomes.
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