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Synaptic Targets and Cellular Sources of CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor and Vesicular Glutamate Transporter-3 Expressing Nerve Terminals in Relation to GABAergic Neurons in the Human Cerebral Cortex.
Eur J Neurosci
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) regulates synaptic transmission through presynaptic receptors in nerve terminals, and its physiological roles are of clinical relevance. The cellular sources and synaptic targets of CB1-expressing terminals in the human cerebral cortex are undefined. We demonstrate a variable laminar pattern of CB1-immunoreactive axons and electron microscopically show that CB1-positive GABAergic terminals make type-2 synapses innervating dendritic shafts (69%), dendritic spines (20%) and somata (11%) in neocortical layers 2-3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Evidence-Based Medicine Management of Endometriosis Should Be Updated for the Limitations of Trial Evidence, the Multivariability of Decisions, Collective Experience, Heuristics, and Bayesian Thinking.
J Clin Med
January 2025
Department of Operative Gynecology, Federal State Budget Institution V. I. Kulakov Research Centre for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
: The diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis should be based on the best available evidence. Emphasising the risk of bias, the pyramid of evidence has the double-blind, randomised controlled trial and its meta-analyses on top. After the grading of all evidence by a group of experts, clinical guidelines are formulated using well-defined rules.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConvolutional Neural Networks for the segmentation of hippocampal structures in postmortem MRI scans.
J Neurosci Methods
January 2025
Neuroimage Analytics Laboratory and Biggs Institute Neuroimaging Core, Glenn Biggs Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA. Electronic address:
Background: The hippocampus plays a crucial role in memory and is one of the first structures affected by Alzheimer's disease. Postmortem MRI offers a way to quantify the alterations by measuring the atrophy of the inner structures of the hippocampus. Unfortunately, the manual segmentation of hippocampal subregions required to carry out these measures is very time-consuming.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBilateral Pedicled Superior Gluteal Artery Perforator (SGAP) Flap for Double-Layer Closure and Reconstruction of Sacrococcygeal Defect After Chordoma Resection: A Case Report.
Microsurgery
January 2025
Zentrum für Plastische Chirurgie, Pyramid Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland.
Article Synopsis
- Chordomas are rare, slow-growing cancers that often occur in the lower spine area and require surgical removal, which can leave significant defects.
- Traditional reconstruction methods often use musculocutaneous flaps, leading to higher complications at the donor site; hence, there is a need for better techniques that reduce these issues.
- This case report introduces a new reconstruction method using gluteus maximus muscle advancement and superior gluteal artery perforator flaps for a patient after chordoma removal, resulting in successful recovery and minimal complications at the donor site during follow-up.
Selective Enhancement of the Interneuron Network and Gamma-Band Power via GluN2C/GluN2D NMDA Receptor Potentiation.
bioRxiv
November 2024
Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Unlabelled: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) comprise a family of ligand-gated ionotropic glutamate receptors that mediate a slow, calcium-permeable component to excitatory neurotransmission. The GluN2D subunit is enriched in GABAergic inhibitory interneurons in cortical tissue. Diminished levels of GABAergic inhibition contribute to multiple neuropsychiatric conditions, suggesting that enhancing inhibition may have therapeutic utility, thus making GluN2D modulation an attractive drug target.
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