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Conceptualizing patient-level adverse effects in implementation trials.
Ann Epidemiol
December 2024
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
Identifying and monitoring adverse effects (AEs) are integral to ensuring patient safety in clinical trials. Research sponsors and regulatory bodies have put into place a variety of policies and procedures to guide researchers in protecting patient safety during clinical trials. However, it remains unclear how these policies and procedures should be adapted for trials in implementation science.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBroadening the conceptualization of panic disorder to include the fear presentation of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: The legacy of panic control therapy.
Behav Res Ther
December 2024
Rogers Behavioral Health, Research Center, Oconomowoc WI & Philadelphia PA, 34700 Valley Rd, Oconomowoc, WI, 53066, USA. Electronic address:
The presentation of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) characterized by fear of aversive consequences of eating (fear-ARFID) has both phenomenological and mechanistic similarities to panic disorder. In this narrative review, we propose a shared model of the pathogenesis of the two disorders, centered on interoceptive sensitivity as the key maintenance mechanism. We review the evidence that fear-ARFID, which involves restrictive eating motivated by a desire to avoid aversive events (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTreatment of symptomatic bipartite patella in patients <21 years of age: A systematic review and treatment algorithm.
J Child Orthop
December 2024
Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop an evidence-based algorithm for the management of symptomatic bipartite patella in the pediatric and adolescent population based on a systemic review of the published literature.
Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines on PubMed and Embase, selecting for studies discussing the management of symptomatic bipartite patella.
Results: Five studies met criteria, involving 315 knees (314 patients, average age 15.
What are the potential mechanisms of fatigue-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy with low-load resistance exercise training?
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol
December 2024
Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology & Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
High-load resistance exercise (>60% of 1-repetition maximum) is a well-known stimulus to enhance skeletal muscle hypertrophy with chronic training. However, studies have intriguingly shown that low-load resistance exercise training (RET) (≤60% of 1-repetition maximum) can lead to similar increases in skeletal muscle hypertrophy as compared to high-load RET. This has raised questions about the underlying mechanisms for eliciting the hypertrophic response with low-load RET.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConfidence intervals of the relative risk and odds ratio can predict when the optimal information size in a meta-analysis is not met.
J Clin Epidemiol
December 2024
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Objective: We sought to empirically evaluate whether the width of confidence interval (CI) of the relative risk (RR) and odds ratio (OR) can obviate the need for calculating the optimal information size (OIS) when making GRADE imprecision judgments.
Study Design And Setting: We analyzed a convenience sample of meta-analyses extracted from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. From each meta-analysis, we calculated OIS based on relative risk reductions (RRR) of 15%-50% and evaluated the ratio of upper to lower 95% CI boundaries of RR (RR CI ratio) and OR (OR CI ratio).
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