A conditioned response to a stimulus can be transferred to an associated stimulus, as seen in sensory preconditioning. In this research paper, we aimed to explore this phenomenon using a stimulus-response contingency learning paradigm using voluntary actions as responses. We conducted two preregistered experiments that explored whether a learned response can be indirectly activated by a stimulus (S1) that was never directly paired with the response itself. Importantly, S1 was previously associated with another stimulus (S2) that was then directly and contingently paired with a response (S2-R contingency). In Experiment 1a, an indirect activation of acquired stimulus-response contingencies was present for audiovisual stimulus pairs wherein the stimulus association resembled a vocabulary learning setup. This result was replicated in Experiment 1b. Additionally, we found that the effect is moderated by having conscious awareness of the S1-S2 association and the S2-R contingency. By demonstrating indirect activation effects for voluntary actions, our findings show that principles of Pavlovian conditioning like sensory preconditioning also apply to contingency learning of stimulus-response relations for operant behavior.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10918695 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000597 | DOI Listing |
Nat Neurosci
January 2025
Sagol Department of Neuroscience, The Integrated Brain and Behavior Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
To protect the body from infections, the brain has evolved the ability to coordinate behavioral and immunological responses. The conditioned immune response (CIR) is a form of Pavlovian conditioning wherein a sensory (for example, taste) stimulus, when paired with an immunomodulatory agent, evokes aversive behavior and an anticipatory immune response after re-experiencing the taste. Although taste and its valence are represented in the anterior insular cortex and immune response in the posterior insula and although the insula is pivotal for CIRs, the precise circuitry underlying CIRs remains unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFeNeuro
January 2025
The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
Extended performance of cognitively demanding tasks induces cognitive fatigue manifested with an overall deterioration of behavioral performance. In particular, long practice with tasks requiring impulse control is typically followed by a decrease in self-control efficiency, leading to performance instability. Here, we show that this is due to changes in activation modalities of key task-related areas occurring if these areas previously underwent intensive use.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Top Dev Biol
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.
Alterations in tissue expression levels of both retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2) and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) have been associated with metabolic disease, specifically with obesity, glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis. Our laboratories have shown that this involves novel pathways not previously considered as possible linkages between impaired retinoid metabolism and metabolic disease development. We have established both biochemically and structurally that RBP2 binds with very high affinity to very long-chain unsaturated 2-monoacylglycerols like the canonical endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) and other endocannabinoid-like substances.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExp Neurol
January 2025
Brain and Mind Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address:
Spasticity is a common comorbidity of spinal cord injury (SCI), disrupting motor function and resulting in significant discomfort. While elements of post-SCI spasticity can be assessed using pre-clinical SCI models, the robust measurement of spasticity severity can be difficult due to its periodic and spontaneous appearance. Electrical stimulation of sensory afferents can elicit spasticity-associated motor responses, such as spasms; however, placing surface electrodes on the hindlimbs of awake animals can induce stress or encumbrance that could influence the expression of behaviour.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnimal
December 2024
Department of Crop Sciences, Grassland Science, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Strasse 8, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, Büsgenweg 1, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
Animal welfare is integral to sustainable livestock production, and pasture access for cattle is known to enhance welfare. Despite positive welfare impacts, high labour requirements hinder the adoption of sustainable grazing practices such as rotational stocking management. Virtual fencing (VF) is an innovative technology for simplified, less laborious grazing management and remote animal monitoring, potentially facilitating the expansion of sustainable livestock production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!