Given the evolution of human body dimensions, the increasing diversity within the law enforcement workforce, the growing risks of assault faced by law enforcement officers (LEOs), and the absence of a national standard for body armor sizing, there is a critical need to explore LEO body size classification. This exploration will facilitate the development of an armor sizing structure that adequately accommodates the current LEO population. This study aimed to address this need by developing a LEO body armor sizing scheme and creating a sizing chart/app. Additionally, a plan was devised for a series of 'sizing vests' that would enhance LEO armor accommodation and facilitate fit assessment. Torso anthropometric data pertaining to body armor sizing were collected from 756 male and 218 female LEOs across different regions of the United States. Based on the collected data, a nine-size system for male LEOs and an eight-size scheme for female LEOs were suggested. Furthermore, a sizing chart/app was proposed to enable LEOs to swiftly identify an armor size that is most likely to fit an individual, considering a few anthropometric characteristics known to LEOs. To supplement the sizing chart/app, a series of 'sizing vests' were recommended. These vests would provide LEOs with a physical means to assess and determine the best-fitting armor size, offering an alternative to relying solely on the sizing chart/app. We recommend that armor manufacturers adopt these new sizing systems and create prototypes of armor that can be evaluated within this sizing structure. This evaluation process will facilitate improved fit and enhanced protection for LEOs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2023.104201 | DOI Listing |
Currently four described species of genus Panaqolus have been reported from the Amazon River basin in Ecuador: P. albomaculatus (Kanazawa 1958), P. dentex (Günther 1868), P.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
December 2024
Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam Science Park, Am Mühlenberg 1 OT Golm, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
The skeletons of sharks and rays, fashioned from cartilage, and armored by a veneer of mineralized tiles (tesserae) present a mathematical challenge: How can the continuous covering be maintained as the skeleton expands? This study, using microCT and custom visual data analyses of growing stingray skeletons, systematically examines tessellation patterns and morphologies of the many thousand interacting tesserae covering the hyomandibula (a skeletal element critical to feeding), over a two-fold developmental change in hyomandibula length. The number of tesserae remains surprisingly constant, even as the hyomandibula expands isometrically, with all hyomandibulae displaying self-similar distributions of tesserae shapes/sizes. Although the distribution of tesserae geometries largely agrees with the rules for polyhedra tiling of complex surfaces-dominated by hexagons and a minor fraction of pentagons and heptagons, but very few other polygons-the agreement with Euler's classic mathematical laws is not perfect.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInjury
December 2024
Department of Traumatology and Critical Care Medicine, NDMC, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
Aim/purpose: This study aimed to apply a shock wave from the ventral side of a pig and examine its effect to use the results for new body armor production for humans.
Methods: Seven male hybrid pigs were used. Each pig was placed under general anesthesia on the experimental table in a blast tube in the left lateral position to expose the front chest area, and shock waves generated by compressed air at 3.
Cureus
October 2024
Department of Anesthesiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, USA.
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci
October 2024
Department of Psychiatry (McAllister) and Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science (Perkins, Katz), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Michigan Concussion Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Broglio); Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis (Perkins, Katz); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Uniformed Services University, and Department of Rehabilitation, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Md. (Pasquina); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (McCrea).
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