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Advancing Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Current Limitations and Emerging Strategies.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
December 2024
Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy represents one of the most impressive advances in anticancer therapy of the last decade. While CAR T-cells are gaining ground in various B cell malignancies, their use in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains limited, and no CAR-T product has yet received approval for AML. The main limitation of CAR-T therapy in AML is the lack of specific antigens that are expressed in leukemic cells but not in their healthy counterparts, such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), as their targeting would result in an on-target/off-tumor toxicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFApplications of Artificial Intelligence in Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Ultrasound: Current Developments, Limitations and Future Directions.
Cancers (Basel)
December 2024
Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, London SW1X 7HY, UK.
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) effectively diagnoses malignant and pre-malignant gastrointestinal lesions. In the past few years, artificial intelligence (AI) has shown promising results in enhancing EUS sensitivity and accuracy, particularly for subepithelial lesions (SELs) like gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Furthermore, AI models have shown high accuracy in predicting malignancy in gastric GISTs and distinguishing between benign and malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFrequently asked questions on surrogate endpoints in oncology-opportunities, pitfalls, and the way forward.
EClinicalMedicine
October 2024
Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
Patients with cancer expect prolonged life (overall survival, OS) or better life (quality of life, QOL) from cancer treatments. However, majority of new cancer drugs are now being approved not based on improved OS or QOL, but based on surrogate endpoints such as tumor shrinkage or delayed tumor progression. These surrogate endpoints, including their validity as a proxy for overall survival, differ based on disease settings and lines of treatment but in general, most surrogate measures have weak correlation with outcomes that matter to patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevices for the electrical stimulation of the olfactory system: A review.
Biosens Bioelectron
March 2025
Laboratory of Microsystems LMIS1, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
The loss of olfactory function has a profound impact on quality of life, affecting not only sensory perception but also memory, emotion, and overall well-being. Despite this, advancements in olfactory prostheses have lagged significantly behind those made for vision and hearing restoration. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of the current state of devices for electrical stimulation of the olfactory system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolypharmacy in older patients with asthma: hidden risks and opportunities for improvement.
Expert Rev Respir Med
December 2024
Division of Respiratory Medicine, PROMISE Department, "Paolo Giaccone" University Hospital, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Introduction: Polypharmacy can be considered the norm in elderly patients, because older individuals experience an increasing number of concomitant respiratory and non-respiratory diseases other than asthma, carrying the risk of drug-to-drug-interactions and drug-to-comorbidities interactions. In this context, asthma in older adults, conventionally aging >65 years of age, cannot be adequately managed without considering their individual characteristics, as these challenge the traditional therapeutic algorithms/management strategies commonly applied to younger populations.
Areas Covered: The current article aims at addressing pitfalls and advantages of current pharmacological strategies in older individuals with asthma.
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