AI Article Synopsis
- Perioperative anaphylaxis is a rare but serious allergic reaction to drugs used during surgery, primarily neuromuscular blocking agents and antibiotics, with unknown sensitization mechanisms and few identified risk factors.
- A study compared the microbiota of patients experiencing anaphylaxis with matched controls by analyzing circulating 16s rDNA in their serum, uncovering that anaphylaxis patients have a richer microbial diversity.
- While no significant overall differences in microbiota composition were found, certain bacterial taxa showed associations with anaphylaxis and related biological markers, suggesting the need for further research to understand the underlying mechanisms and potential predisposition factors.
Article Abstract
Background: Perioperative anaphylaxis is a rare and acute systemic manifestation of drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions that occurs following anesthesia induction; the two main classes of drugs responsible for these reactions being neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) and antibiotics. The sensitization mechanisms to the drugs are not precisely known, and few risk factors have been described. A growing body of evidence underlines a link between occurrence of allergy and microbiota composition. However, no data exist on microbiota in perioperative anaphylaxis. The aim of this study was to compare circulating microbiota richness and composition between perioperative anaphylaxis patients and matched controls.
Methods: Circulating 16s rDNA was quantified and sequenced in serum samples from 20 individuals with fully characterized IgE-mediated NMBA-related anaphylaxis and 20 controls matched on sex, age, NMBA received, type of surgery and infectious status. Microbiota composition was analyzed with a published bioinformatic pipeline and links with patients clinical and biological data investigated.
Results: Analysis of microbiota diversity showed that anaphylaxis patients seem to have a richer circulating microbiota than controls, but no major differences of composition could be detected with global diversity indexes. Pairwise comparison showed a difference in relative abundance between patients and controls for , and . Some taxa were associated with concentrations of mast cell tryptase and specific IgE.
Conclusion: We did not find a global difference in terms of microbiota composition between anaphylaxis patient and controls. However, several taxa were associated with anaphylaxis patients and with their biological data. These findings must be further confirmed in different settings to broaden our understanding of drug anaphylaxis pathophysiology and identify predisposition markers.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10808669 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241851 | DOI Listing |
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