Introduction: The COVID-19 vaccine became an effective instrument to prevent severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, 5% of vaccinated patients will have moderate or severe disease.
Objective: to compare mortality and days between the symptom onset to the peak disease severity, in vaccinated vs. unvaccinated COVID-19 hospitalized patients.
Methods: Retrospective observational study in 36 hospitals in Argentina. COVID-19 adults admitted to general wards between January 1, 2021, and May 31, 2022 were included. Days between symptoms onset to peak of severity were compared between vaccinated vs. unvaccinated patients with Cox regression, adjusted by Propensity Score Matching (PSM). Results in patients with one and two doses were also compared.
Results: A total of 3663 patients were included (3001 [81.9%] unvaccinated and 662 [18%] vaccinated). Time from symptom onset to peak severity was 7 days (IQR 4-12) vs. 7 days (IQR 4-11) in unvaccinated and vaccinated. In crude Cox regression analysis and matched population, no significant differences were observed. Regarding mortality, a Risk Ratio (RR) of 1.51 (IC95% 1.29-1.77) was observed in vaccinated patients, but in the PSM cohort, the RR was 0.73 (IC95% 0.60-0.88). RR in patients with one COVID-19 vaccine dose in PSM adjusted population was 0.7 (IC95% 0.45-1.03), and with two doses 0.6 (IC95% 0.46-0.79).
Discussion: The time elapsed between the onset of COVID-19 symptoms to the highest severity was similar in vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. However, hospitalized vaccinated patients had a lower risk of mortality than unvaccinated patients.
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