Caffeine has a multitude of uses in anaesthesia, and numerous studies have evaluated its efficacy and usefulness in various aspects of anaesthesia and medical practice. Its various applications in anaesthesia include its role in awakening from anaesthesia, managing post-dural puncture headache, managing post-sedation paradoxical hyper-activity in children, post-operative bowel paralysis, and apnoea in paediatric populations, that is, apnoea in infancy, paediatric obstructive apnoea, and post-anaesthetic apnoea in pre-mature infants. Though the effects of caffeine on bronchial smooth muscle, neurological, and cardio-vascular systems are well known, the relatively little-known effects on the endocrine and gastro-intestinal (GI) system have been recently taking primacy for eliciting its therapeutic benefits. The literature shows encouraging evidence in favour of caffeine, but unambiguous evidence of caffeine benefits for patients is lacking and needs further investigation. In this narrative review of literature, we summarise the available literature to provide insights into the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical application of caffeine in modern anaesthetic practice, and evidence available in this field to date. An awareness of the various physiological effects, adverse effects, reported applications, and their evidence will widen the horizon for anaesthesiologists to increase its rational use and advance research in this field. Well-designed randomised controlled trials regarding the various outcomes related to caffeine use in anaesthesia should be planned to generate sound evidence and formulate recommendations to guide clinicians.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/joacp.joacp_285_22 | DOI Listing |
Rev Neurol (Paris)
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Introduction: Neuropsychiatric symptoms are highly prevalent in Parkinson's disease (PD) and significantly affect the quality of life of patients and their significant others. The aim of this work is to describe typical neuropsychiatric symptoms and their treatment.
Methods: This is a narrative opinion paper, illustrated by a fictional case report.
Diabetol Metab Syndr
December 2024
Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
Obesity is a multifactorial condition influenced by genetic, environmental, and microbiome-related factors. The gut microbiome plays a vital role in maintaining intestinal health, increasing mucus creation, helping the intestinal epithelium mend, and regulating short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. These tasks are vital for managing metabolism and maintaining energy balance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Ment Health Nurs
February 2025
Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Adolescents are susceptible to developing depression and anxiety, and educational interventions could improve their mental well-being. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of universal educational prevention interventions in improving mental health literacy, depression, and anxiety among adolescents. Eight electronic databases were searched until June 2024: Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations, and Theses Global.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBlood Rev
December 2024
Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address:
Background: Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) have increased stroke risk, identifiable by elevated velocities on transcranial Doppler (TCD). This review assessed the impact of TCD screening on stroke, mortality, quality of life and morbidity in children with SCD.
Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane libraries, and trial registries was conducted from inception to 28th February 2023.
Respir Med
December 2024
New York City Health & Hospitals, Woodhull; NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, New York City Health and Hospitals, Woodhull, 760 Broadway, 8(th) Floor, Brooklyn, NY 11206, USA. Electronic address:
Mounier-Kuhn syndrome (MKS) or tracheobronchomegaly is an uncommon disease of the central airways. It is characterized by pathological dilatation of the trachea and main bronchi and inevitably leads to recurrent respiratory infections, bronchiectasis, hospitalizations, and results in considerable morbidity and mortality. Despite numerous case reports, there is a shortage of evidence on clinical outcomes and limited data on interventions, thus presenting a significant gap in the literature.
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