Men, mindsets and birth: results of a prospective longitudinal study.

Aims/background: In recent years, there has been an increased interested in the contribution of fathers to childbirth. In the present paper we explore whether the father's birth-related mindset (being either more natural or more medical) can predict the mother's labour and birth outcomes and whether the father's experience and evaluation of the birth can predict his psychological well-being after the birth.

Design/methods: We conducted a longitudinal study ( = 304 expecting fathers) spanning the first trimester of pregnancy up to six months after birth.

Results: The study results could be integrated into a Single Indicator Model. They indicated that a father's more natural birth-related mindset predicted low-intervention birth for the mother. A low-intervention birth led to a more positive birth experience for the father, and in turn to better postpartum adjustment, fewer symptoms of postpartum paternal depression eight weeks after birth, and more secure bonding to the infant six months after birth.

Conclusion: The study results indicate that fathers do not take a merely passive role in childbirth. On the contrary, analogous to pregnant mothers, fathers' views about childbirth might contribute to the course of birth, and their own postpartum psychological well-being. The results of the present study, thus, highlight the importance of fathers for childbirth and in a broader sense, the results also contribute to a better understanding of the psychological framework of birth and represents a valuable starting point for further research.