AI Article Synopsis
- The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the central nervous system (CNS), where cytokines (CKs) play crucial roles in immune responses and tissue healing.
- Pro-inflammatory CKs can lead to negative outcomes in the CNS by promoting inflammation, recruiting immune cells, and disrupting synapses, particularly in conditions like multiple sclerosis (MS).
- The review discusses recent insights into CKs in both healthy and inflamed CNS, highlighting the connection between the adaptive immune system and neurophysiology.
Article Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is finely protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Immune soluble factors such as cytokines (CKs) are normally produced in the CNS, contributing to physiological immunosurveillance and homeostatic synaptic scaling. CKs are peptide, pleiotropic molecules involved in a broad range of cellular functions, with a pivotal role in resolving the inflammation and promoting tissue healing. However, pro-inflammatory CKs can exert a detrimental effect in pathological conditions, spreading the damage. In the inflamed CNS, CKs recruit immune cells, stimulate the local production of other inflammatory mediators, and promote synaptic dysfunction. Our understanding of neuroinflammation in humans owes much to the study of multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common autoimmune and demyelinating disease, in which autoreactive T cells migrate from the periphery to the CNS after the encounter with a still unknown antigen. CNS-infiltrating T cells produce pro-inflammatory CKs that aggravate local demyelination and neurodegeneration. This review aims to recapitulate the state of the art about CKs role in the healthy and inflamed CNS, with focus on recent advances bridging the study of adaptive immune system and neurophysiology.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10807071 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13041-024-01077-7 | DOI Listing |
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