Virtual reality applications in pediatric surgery.

Virtual reality modeling (VRM) is a 3-dimensional (3D) simulation. It is a powerful tool and has multiple uses and applications in pediatric surgery. Patient-specific 2-dimensional imaging can be used to generate a virtual reality model, which can improve anatomical perception and understanding, and can aid in preoperative planning for complex operations. VRM can also be used for realistic training and simulation. It has also proven effective in distraction for pediatric patients experiencing pain and/or anxiety. We detail the technical requirements and process required for VRM generation, the applications, and future directions.