New species of (Molineidae: Anoplostrongylinae) parasite of (Desmarest, 1804) from the Atlantic Forest, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

A new species of nematode parasite of the genus (Molineidae: Anoplostrongylinae) is described from the small intestine of a road-killed Greater Naked-tailed Armadillo (Cingulata: Chlamyphoridae) on the BR-040 highway in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The genus includes 13 species of parasitizing armadillos and anteaters distributed in Brazil, Argentina, and Trinidad and Tobago. The present species is distinguished from almost all species of by the longest length of the body, except for and However, these can be distinguished from each other by the length of the spicules. The species that closely resembles, n. sp. is , but it can be distinguished by a robust branch from rays 2 and 3, rays 4 larger, and rays 8 longer compared to those of the new species. The new species is the only one with a tail, characterized by a terminal spine with rattlesnake tail-like transversal striations.