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Prevalence of JC Polyomavirus in Patients with Neuroinvasive Disease of Unknown Etiology in Croatia. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • John Cunningham polyomavirus (JCPyV) is common in humans, but its prevalence in patients with unexplained central nervous system disorders (NID) has not been well-studied.
  • A study involving 132 patients with NID and a control group of 47 asymptomatic individuals tested for JCPyV DNA and antibodies revealed that no JCPyV DNA was found in patients' cerebrospinal fluid, but a high prevalence of JCPyV IgG antibodies was observed.
  • The seroprevalence of JCPyV IgG was significantly higher in male patients, varied by age, with older individuals showing nearly universal seropositivity, but no significant differences were noted in antibody

Article Abstract

: John Cunningham polyomavirus (JCPyV) is a highly prevalent virus in the human population. The prevalence of JCPyV in patients with central nervous system disorders has not been examined extensively. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of JCPyV DNA/antibodies in patients with neuroinvasive diseases (NID) of unknown etiology. : The study included 132 patients with NID (febrile headache, meningitis, encephalitis) tested from January 2021 to December 2022. The control group consisted of 47 asymptomatic individuals. In patients with NID, serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected in the acute phase of the disease. CSF samples were tested for JCPyV DNA (PCR), while serum samples were tested for JCPyV IgG antibodies (ELISA). In controls, serum samples were tested for JCPyV IgG antibodies (ELISA). : JCPyV DNA was not detected in any of the CSF samples from patients with NID. JCPyV IgG antibodies were detected in 88.6% of patients and 74.5% of controls ( < 0.001). In the patients' group, a significant difference in the IgG prevalence was observed between males (94.6%) and females (81.0%). In addition, significant differences in the seropositivity between age groups were found. The lowest seroprevalence (28.6%) was in patients less than 20 years, followed by a sharp increase in the 20-29-year group (69.2%), after which the seroprevalence remained stable (90.0-94.1%) in patients up to 69 years. All patients older than 70 years were JCPyV IgG-seropositive. No significant difference in the seroprevalence was found in patients presenting with febrile headache (81.6%), meningitis (93.3%), or meningoencephalitis (91.3%). No difference in the seropositivity between genders was found in controls. Although the seropositivity steadily increased in older participants, these differences were not significant. Analyzing the JCPyV antibody levels in patients with NID, the median antibody titers differed significantly between groups, ranging from 248 AU/mL (younger age groups) to 400 AU/mL (older age groups). : Higher seroprevalence in the patients' group highlights the need to further investigate the possible association of JCPyV and NID.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10820756PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina60010069DOI Listing

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