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Sensory irritation is a health endpoint that serves as the critical effect basis for many occupational exposure limits (OELs). Schaper 1993 described a significant relationship with high correlation between the measured exposure concentration producing a 50% respiratory rate decrease (RD) in a standard rodent assay and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH®) Threshold Limit Values (TLVs®) as time-weighted averages (TWAs) for airborne chemical irritants. The results demonstrated the potential use of the RD values for deriving full-shift TWA OELs protective of irritant responses. However, there remains a need to develop a similar predictive model for deriving workplace short-term exposure limits (STELs) for sensory irritants. The aim of our study was to establish a model capable of correlating the relationship between RD values and published STELs to prospectively derive short-term exposure OELs for sensory irritants. A National Toxicology Program (NTP) database that included chemicals with both an RD and established STELs was used to fit several linear regression models. A strong correlation between RDs and STELs was identified, with a predictive equation of ln (STEL) (ppm) = 0.86 * ln (RD) (ppm) - 2.42 and an R value of 0.75. This model supports the use of RDs to derive STELs for chemicals without existing exposure recommendations. Further, for data-poor sensory irritants, predicted RD values from quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) models can be used to derive STELs. Hence, methods and statistical modeling can present a path forward for establishing reliable OELs and improving worker safety and health.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2023.2299867 | DOI Listing |
Front Microbiol
December 2024
Cigar Fermentation Technology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China.
Introduction: Fermentation is a crucial process in cigar manufacturing. Exogenous addition of functional microorganisms for fortified fermentation can further improve cigar tobacco leaves fermentation quality.
Methods: In this study, five strains were isolated from cigar tobacco leaves.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol
December 2024
China Tobacco Technology Innovation Center for Cigar, China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China.
Introduction: Fermentation plays a significant role in improving the quality of cigar tobacco leaves. Particularly, fermentation with characteristic additives has been identified as an effective approach to enhance the fermentation process. The objective of this study was to develop new additives and investigate their influence on cigar tobacco leaves.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Bioeng Biotechnol
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
In this study, a strain isolated from the surface of flue-cured tobacco leaves, identified as HJ-16, was applied in the solid-state fermentation of tobacco leaves. This strain, known for producing thermally stable enzymes, including amylase, cellulase, and protease, significantly improved the sensory qualities of tobacco, enhancing aromatic intensity, density, and softness, while reducing irritation. Whole-genome sequencing and functional annotation revealed that HJ-16 possesses a single circular chromosome containing genes associated with enzyme production and metabolic activities, particularly in carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFollowing a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of an essential oil from the leaves of L. (sage oil) when used as a sensory additive in feed and in water for drinking for all animal species. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concluded that sage oil is considered safe up to the maximum proposed use levels in complete feed of 20 mg/kg for ornamental fish.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCrit Rev Toxicol
November 2024
Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Air pollution is a significant environmental health risk for urban areas and developing countries. Air pollution may contribute to the incidence of cardiopulmonary and metabolic diseases. Evidence also points to the role of air pollution in worsening or developing neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions.
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