Cysteine thiols are susceptible to various oxidative posttranslational modifications (PTMs) due to their high chemical reactivity. Thiol-based PTMs play a crucial role in regulating protein functions and are key contributors to cellular redox signaling. Although reversible thiol-based PTMs, such as disulfide bond formation, S-nitrosylation, and S-glutathionylation, have been extensively studied for their roles in redox regulation, thiol sulfinic acid (-SOH) modification is often perceived as irreversible and of marginal significance in redox signaling. Here, we revisit this narrow perspective and shed light on the redox regulatory roles of -SOH in plant stress signaling. We provide an overview of protein sulfinylation in plants, delving into the roles of hydrogen peroxide-mediated and plant cysteine oxidase-catalyzed formation of -SOH, highlighting the involvement of -SOH in specific regulatory signaling pathways. Additionally, we compile the existing knowledge of the -SOH reducing enzyme, sulfiredoxin, offering insights into its molecular mechanisms and biological relevance. We further summarize current proteomic techniques for detecting -SOH and furnish a list of experimentally validated cysteine -SOH sites across various species, discussing their functional consequences. This review aims to spark new insights and discussions that lead to further investigations into the functional significance of protein -SOH-based redox signaling in plants.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pce.14827 | DOI Listing |
Biol Direct
January 2025
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Thioredoxin1 (TRX1) and telomerase are both attractive oncology targets that are tightly implicated in tumor initiation and development. Here, we reported that the 6-dithio-2-deoxyguanosine analog thiotert exhibits an effective cytotoxic effect on myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) cell SKM-1 and lymphoma cell U-937. Further studies confirmed that thiotert effectively disrupts cellular redox homeostasis, as evidenced by elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, increased MnSOD, accelerated DNA impairment, and activated apoptosis signal.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
The management of chronic infected wounds remains a significant clinical challenge, largely due to the deficiency of optimal wound dressings with adequate mechanical strength, appropriate adhesiveness, and efficient sustainable antibacterial, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, pro-angiogenesis, and immunomodulation properties. To address such a dilemma, we employed a simple and facile strategy to utilize resveratrol (RSV) as a functional component to mediate hydrogel gelation in this study. The structure of this obtained hydrogel was supported by a multibond network, which not only endowed the resultant product with superior mechanical strength and moderate adhesiveness but also effectively prolonged the bioavailability of RSV.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhysiol Rev
January 2025
Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261.
The redox signaling network in mammals has garnered enormous interest and taken on major biological significance in recent years as the scope of NADPH oxidases (NOXs) as regulators of physiological signaling and cellular degeneration has grown exponentially. All NOX subtypes have in common the capacity to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) superoxide anion (O) and/or hydrogen peroxide (HO). A baseline, normal level of ROS formation supports a wide range of processes under physiological conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFish Shellfish Immunol
January 2025
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Animal Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528225, China. Electronic address:
This study investigated the potential protective effect of AS-IV against heat stress-induced tissue damage in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Grass carp were injected intraperitoneally with 0, 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg of AS-IV for three consecutive days, and then subjected to heat stress (35 ± 0.5°C); thereafter, histopathological analyses of the liver and spleen were performed at 0, 6, 24, and 48 h, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Pathol
January 2025
Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. Electronic address:
Cellular stress conditions, such as oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses contribute to development of various kidney diseases. Oxidative stress is prompted by reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and delicately mitigated by glutathione and thioredoxin (Trx) antioxidant systems. Initially identified as a Trx-binding partner, thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) is significantly upregulated and activated by oxidative and ER stresses.
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