Introduction: Hypnotic trance can be defined as a non-ordinary state of consciousness that is accompanied by a number of neurophysiological changes, including brain electrophysiology. In addition to subjective measures, corresponding objective parameters are needed in experimental and clinical hypnosis research but are complex, impractical, or unspecific. A similar challenge exists for the measurement and monitoring of drug-induced hypnosis, namely general anesthesia. The observation of changes in EEG induced by narcotics has led to the development of monitors for the depth of anesthesia based on EEG parameters. We investigated whether two such monitors react to the induction and maintenance of hypnosis during a highly standardized procedure.
Methods: A total of 56 volunteers were monitored for the bispectral index (BIS) and cerebral state index (CSI) (range 0-100, >95 considered "awake") during the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility test. For this test, trance is induced by a taped text and followed by 12 tasks performed under hypnosis. In contrast to random forms of hypnosis, this represents a standardized, worldwide-established condition. According to the resulting score, participants were classified into suggestibility groups in order to evaluate whether the electrophysiological measurements of BIS and CIS indices differ between high and low suggestible persons. Furthermore, participants were asked to rate their hypnotic depth (HD, 1-10) at every task of the test.
Results: Scores dropped significantly from a mean of 97.7 to 86.4 for BIS and from 94.6 to 77.7 for CSI with the induction of hypnosis to stay throughout hypnosis at levels of approximately 88.6 or 82.9, respectively. Results did not differ between high- and low-suggestible participants. The means of the subjective score of hypnotic depth and of the electrophysiological measurements showed a similar course. However, no correlation was found between BIS or CSI values and scores of hypnotic depths.
Conclusion: Monitors for depth of anesthesia respond to changes in consciousness, including trance states of hypnosis. However, specificity is unclear. Practically, in hypnosis research with the exclusion of drug effects or sleep, these monitors might be helpful to test and compare the efficacy of induction texts and to detect disturbances of trance state.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10798158 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1267658 | DOI Listing |
Cogn Neurodyn
December 2024
Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Our ability to measure time is vital for daily life, technology use, and even mental health; however, separating pure time perception from other mental processes (like emotions) is a research challenge requiring precise tests to isolate and understand brain activity solely related to time estimation. To address this challenge, we designed an experiment utilizing hypnosis alongside electroencephalography (EEG) to assess differences in time estimation, namely underestimation and overestimation. Hypnotic induction is designed to reduce awareness and meta-awareness, facilitating a detachment from the immediate environment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDig Dis Sci
December 2024
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
Br J Health Psychol
February 2025
Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Background: Nocebo responding involves the experience of adverse health outcomes in response to contextual cues. These deleterious responses impact numerous features of mental and physical health but are characterized by pronounced heterogeneity. Suggestion is widely recognized as a contributing factor to nocebo responding but the moderating role of trait responsiveness to verbal suggestions (suggestibility) in nocebo responding remains poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWorld J Psychiatry
December 2024
Department of Digital Anti-aging Healthcare (BK21), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, South Korea.
This editorial evaluated the findings of a comprehensive study focused on the effects of anesthesia depth on seizure parameters during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in patients with major depressive disorder. The study utilized quantitative consciousness and quantitative nociceptive indices for monitoring sedation, hypnosis, and nociceptive responses. The analysis included 193 ECT sessions across 24 patients, revealing significant impacts of anesthesia depth on electroencephalography (EEG) seizure parameters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPsychooncology
December 2024
Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Taste disturbances are prominent side effects of antineoplastic medications and contribute to morbidity and quality-of-life impairment. Few treatment options are available for antineoplastic-related taste disorders. Hypnosis has been found to be effective for a variety of symptoms in the cancer setting, including insomnia, pain, mood disorders and anxiety.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!