Evaluation of Febrile Seizures: A Therapeutic Review of Current Modalities.

As benign as its nature is, a febrile seizure (FS) can be one of the most frightening experiences for parents to witness. It is a seizure that occurs in infants and children aged six months to five years, accompanied by a fever (with a temperature of at least 100.4°F or 38.0°C by any method), without any infection in the central nervous system. FS is typically benign and tends to resolve on its own. Overall, the risk of recurrence after an FS is high, so there is still a sizable knowledge discrepancy that needs to be addressed for better understanding and management of the disease. Thus, the objective of this review is to evaluate current therapeutic modalities available for FS and summarize recent recommendations on the management of this condition. On June 25, 2023, a review was undertaken using the Medical Subject Headings Tool (MeSH), and the following keywords yielded 867 results: seizures, febrile/drug therapy [Mesh] and seizures, and febrile/therapy [Mesh]. A total of 21 relevant articles were chosen for the research. Seizures were classified as simple and complex FS (CFS) based on clinical features. CFS usually results in recurrence. Certain investigations like computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs), and electroencephalography (EEG) are helpful, along with laboratory investigations, to rule out other causes of FS. After reviewing the current literature, we have tried to conclude whether the current pharmacotherapy is effective in treating FS.