AI Article Synopsis
- Italian fauna boasts around 170 dung beetle species, making it one of Europe's richest regions for these insects.
- The study examined whether species richness declines moving south or north, the impact of area size, topography, and climate on dung beetle diversity, and discovered that various factors shape regional species distributions.
- No peninsula effect was found; instead, different beetle groups showed distinct patterns, with scarabaeines aligning with latitudinal trends and aphodiines linked to colder, humid climates.
- The research highlights how area size and historical events like Pleistocene glaciations influence current species richness, particularly noting the species-poor status of Sardinia due to isolation.
Article Abstract
The Italian fauna includes about 170 species/subspecies of dung beetles, being one of the richest in Europe. We used data on dung beetle distribution in the Italian regions to investigate some macroecological patterns. Specifically, we tested if species richness decreased southward (peninsula effect) or northward (latitudinal gradient). We also considered the effects of area (i.e., the species-area relationship), topographic complexity, and climate in explaining dung beetle richness. Finally, we used multivariate techniques to identify biotic relationships between regions. We found no support for the peninsula effect, whereas scarabaeines followed a latitudinal gradient, thus supporting a possible role of southern areas as Pleistocene refuges for this group of mainly thermophilic beetles. By contrast, aphodiines were more associated with cold and humid climates and do not show a distinct latitudinal pattern. In general, species richness was influenced by area, with the Sardinian fauna being however strongly impoverished because of its isolation. Faunal patterns for mainland regions reflect the influence of current ecological settings and historical factors (Pleistocene glaciations) in determining species distributions.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10816216 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects15010039 | DOI Listing |
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