Development of matrix-specific standards for LA-ICP-MS zinc analysis in sand flathead (Platycephalus bassensis).

The use of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to analyse soft tissues is limited because of the lack of suitable certified reference materials resulting in difficulties with calibration. In this study, several laboratory-prepared thin agarose sections were tested as matrix-specific standards. Our results showed 1 mm thin agarose sections were suitable as calibration standards for LA-ICP-MS Zn analyses in fish muscle, especially when the signal intensity of Zn was normalised to C. The thin agarose standard sections were used for LA-ICP-MS Zn analyses in the muscle of melanised and non-melanised sand flathead collected from a polluted estuary and assigned with different melanisation scores. Zn levels in melanised regions of fish muscle were determined to be significantly higher than non-melanised regions across all melanisation scores, though Zn levels in the melanised regions of muscle were not significantly different between sand flathead with different melanisation scores. In non-melanised regions of muscle from fish with melanisation and fish unaffected by melanisation, Zn levels were around baseline levels. Overall, this study has successfully developed matrix-specific standards for LA-ICP-MS analysis of soft tissues, thus allowing broader application of this analytical technique in future environmental pollution studies.