AI Article Synopsis
- Synthetic cannabinoids have a higher risk of dependence and more severe withdrawal symptoms compared to natural THC, which can drive continued use to avoid these unpleasant effects.
- In a study with Long-Evans rats, both male and female rats exhibited withdrawal symptoms after administration of WIN 55,212-2, but the specific behaviors and their intensity differed between the sexes.
- After a period of abstinence, female rats displayed distinct anxiety-related behaviors compared to males, indicating that sex influences the withdrawal experience from synthetic cannabinoids, though overall estrous cycles were not affected by the drug.
Article Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoids are associated with higher risk of dependence and more intense withdrawal symptoms than plant-derived Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Avoidance of withdrawal symptoms, including anxiogenic effects, can contribute to continued cannabinoid use. Adult male and female Long-Evans rats were given escalating doses of WIN 55,212-2 (WIN) via twice daily intrajugular infusions. Precipitated withdrawal was elicited with SR 141716 (rimonabant) 4 h after the final infusion. Global withdrawal scores (GWS) were compiled by summing z-scores of observed somatic behaviors over a 30-min period with locomotor activity simultaneously collected via beam breaks. Rimonabant precipitated withdrawal in female and male rats at 3 or 10 mg/kg, respectively, but the individual behaviors contributing to GWS were not identical. 3 mg/kg rimonabant did not impact locomotor behavior in females, but 10 mg/kg decreased locomotion in male controls. Spontaneous withdrawal observed between 6 and 96 h after the final infusion was quantifiable up to 24 h following WIN administration. Individual behaviors contributing to GWS varied by sex and time point. Males undergoing spontaneous withdrawal engaged in more locomotion than females undergoing withdrawal. Separate groups of rats were subjected to a battery of anxiety-like behavioral tests (elevated plus maze, open field test, and marble burying test) one or two weeks after WIN or vehicle infusions. At one week abstinence, sex-related effects were noted in marble burying and the open field test but were unrelated to drug treatment. At two weeks abstinence, females undergoing withdrawal spent more time grooming during marble burying and performed more marble manipulations than their male counterparts. WIN infusions did not impact estrous cycling, and GWS scores were not correlated with estrous at withdrawal. Collectively, these results show qualitative sex differences in behaviors contributing to the behavioral experience of cannabinoid withdrawal supporting clinical findings from THC.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10923112 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173707 | DOI Listing |
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