α-Hederin promotes ferroptosis and reverses cisplatin chemoresistance in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Cisplatin is a core chemotherapy regimen in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, chemoresistance to cisplatin leads to a poor prognosis in NSCLC. α-Hederin is a natural compound extracted from . The study aims to explore the effects of α-Hederin on cisplatin resistance in NSCLC.

Methods: NSCLC cisplatin-resistant cell lines A549/DPP and PC-9 were cultured to evaluate the efficacy of α-Hederin in the treatment of NSCLC and . Metabolomics and RNA-seq analysis were used to determine the potential mechanisms of action of α-Hederin.

Results: The results showed that α-Hederin inhibited cisplatin-resistant NSCLC cells proliferation and metastasis. Mice xenograft, orthotopic, and metastatic A549/DPP cell models also showed the anti-tumor effects of α-Hederin. The metabolomics and RNA-seq analysis results showed that α-Hederin activated DDIT3/ATF3 pathway and ferroptosis via silencing SLC7A11 and GPX4. Furthermore, α-Hederin enhanced the nuclear expression of EGR1. Bioinformatics and luciferase experiments confirmed that EGR1 binds to the miR-96-5p promoter region, inhibiting transcription. In addition, miR-96-5p directly suppressed the levels of DDIT3.

Conclusion: This study revealed that α-Hederin activated EGR1 nuclear translocation and directly repressed miR-96-5p. It also promoted DDIT3/ATF3-mediated ferroptosis and reversed cisplatin resistance in NSCLC.