Cross-species drug metabolism and impact of metabolic stability testing under anaerobic condition on predicting pharmacokinetics of keto-enol containing compound in humans.

After oral administration of [C]-S-1360 in rats and dogs, [C]-S-1360 was absorbed rapidly and the bioavailability was 93.7% in rats and 75.1% in dogs. Based on the results in animals, good systemic exposure would be expected in humans. In contrast to the expectation, the exposure was low in healthy volunteers compared to the exposure expected. In addition, human mass balance study using [C]-S1360 revealed that a large amount of metabolites existed in human plasma. The major metabolites in human plasma were reduced metabolite (HP1) and S-1360 N-glucuronide, and they respectively accounted for approximately 30% of total AUC. Unchanged S-1360 accounted for only 14% of total AUC. The results showed that a significant difference between humans and animals were observed in metabolism of S-1360. Although S-1360 was stable in human hepatocytes under aerobic condition (approximately 84% remaining at 1 h), S-1360 was labile under anaerobic condition (approximately 55% remaining at 1 h). The present study revealed that the reductive metabolism pathways are the key metabolic pathway of S-1360, especially the metabolic stability test under anaerobic condition is important to predict pharmacokinetics of keto-enol containing compound, such as S-1360.