A case report of idiopathic sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis causing an acute bowel occlusion in adult.

Introduction: Sclerosing peritonitis (SP), also known as abdominal cocoon, is a and potentially serious condition characterised by the fibrous encapsulation of the small intestine within the peritoneal cavity.

Case Presentation: In this report, we detail the case of a 67-year-old male with SP who initially presented with symptoms of constipation, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Despite a previous computed tomography (CT) scan revealing ileal thickening, the accurate diagnosis remained elusive until exploratory laparotomy. The patient underwent successful excision of the thick fibro-collagenous membrane, and histopathological examination revealed fibro-collagenous tissue with mild chronic inflammation.

Discussion: SP can be classified into primary (idiopathic) and secondary forms. Primary SP, also referred to as cocoon abdomen, is more common in young females from tropical regions, while secondary SP is associated with peritoneal dialysis and other causative factors. Diagnosing SP presents challenges, as clinical symptoms may mimic those of other conditions. Imaging studies, especially CT scans, play a crucial role in the diagnostic process, yet the rarity of SP often leads to misdiagnosis. Although there is no consensus on treatment options, surgical intervention is generally recommended for symptomatic cases, involving excision of the cocoon and adhesiolysis. Conservative management may be considered for asymptomatic cases. The mortality rate for SP is high, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and intervention.

Conclusion: Primary sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis is a and complex, primarily affecting young individuals. Maintaining a high index of suspicion is crucial for an accurate diagnosis, and surgical intervention remains the primary treatment for symptomatic cases. The prognosis is generally favourable with timely and appropriate management.